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Physical Science > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Three steps of the Scientific Method

A

Observing, Hypothesizing, Experimenting

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2
Q

Which step of the Scientific Method uses testing?

A

Experimenting

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3
Q

What is a tentative explanation?

A

Hypothesis

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4
Q

What term means that the hypothesis can be proven false if one or more of its predictions are false?

A

Falsifiable

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5
Q

What term means that a scientist will obtain consistent results if he performs the same experiment many times?

A

Repeatability

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6
Q

What is the ability of other scientists to reach the same conclusion by performing the same experiment under different conditions?

A

Reproducibility

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7
Q

If a theory is verified by enough observations and experiments and stands the test of time, it may become accepted as a _________________.

A

Scientific law

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8
Q

The scope of science is limited to what?

A

The study of created matter and energy in the present.

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9
Q

What limitation of science can lead a scientist to interpret data in a way that supports his own political, social, or economic views?

A

Bias

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10
Q

What is a conclusion based on reasoning from evidence?

A

Inference

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11
Q

In deductive reasoning, a statement of fact is called what?

A

Proposition

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12
Q

An if/then statement, like “If an object is made of balsa, then it will float in water,” is a special type of proposition called what?

A

Hypothetical proposition

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13
Q

If A, then B. (If an object is made of balsa, then it will float in water.)
A is true. (This object is made of balsa.)
Therefore, B is true. (Therefore, the object will float.)

A

Affirming the antecedent.

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14
Q

Reasoning from specific to general; the ultimate purpose is to determine cause/effect.

A

Inductive Reasoning

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15
Q

The simplest way to determine a cause through inductive reasoning; Two situations are the same except for one factor.

A

Method of difference

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16
Q

All but one factor is the same in every situation.

A

Method of concomitant variation

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17
Q

Which fallacy includes the assumption that the conclusion is true?

A

Circular reasoning

18
Q

Which fallacy assumes that a change in one factor caused a change in another factor, just because the second occurred after the first?

A

Post Hoc Fallacy

19
Q

Which fallacy occurs when a term is misleadingly used with two different meanings in a single argument?

A

Equivocation

20
Q

Which fallacy occurs when someone attacks the person making an argument instead of challenging the person’s facts, premises, or reasoning?

A

Ad Hominem Fallacy

21
Q

Which fallacy is an argument based on the support of someone considered an authority instead of being based on facts and sound reason?

A

Argument from Authority

22
Q

What is the use of science to solve practical problems?

A

Technology

23
Q

What are the minimum characteristics a design must have in order to function at all?

A

Criteria

24
Q

What is giving up a less important characteristic for a characteristic that is more important?

A

Tradeoff

25
Q

What is a model of the design (or some part of the design) used for testing?

A

Prototype

26
Q

What is anything that provides a partial representation of something else?

A

Model

27
Q

What is an object that is the same shape and appearance as the object it represents?

A

Physical Model

28
Q

What is the substance of the physical world?

A

Matter

29
Q

What is the property of matter that makes it resist changes in motion?

A

Inertia

30
Q

What is a push or pull on an object?

A

Force

31
Q

What is the ability to do work? It also allows matter to change and cause changes.

A

Energy

32
Q

When a physical property of matter changes, the matter undergoes what?

A

Physical Change

33
Q

What is the amount of matter in an object?

A

Mass

34
Q

What is the amount of gravitational pull on an object?

A

Weight

35
Q

What is the mass in a certain volume?

A

Density

36
Q

What is a special type of gas that exists at extremely high temperatures?

A

Plasma

37
Q

What is the hotness or coldness of an object?

A

Temperature

38
Q

What is a change that an object undergoes that changes the substance of the object?

A

Chemical Change

39
Q

What is the study of the interactions between matter and energy?

A

Physics

40
Q

What is the study of the composition and interactions of matter?

A

Chemistry

41
Q

What is called the foundational science because it influences many other areas of science and all other fields of science depend on a proper understanding of it?

A

Physics

Physical Science (38 decks)

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