Chapter 15.6

Question 1

What is the study of the chemistry of living things?

Answer 1

Biochemistry

Question 2

What are the compounds that provide most of the energy of living things?

Answer 2

Carbohydrates

Question 3

What are small carbohydrates that contain up to 10 rings of atoms?

Answer 3

Sugars

Question 4

What are simple sugars with only one ring of atoms per molecule?

Answer 4

Monosaccharides

Question 5

What is an important six-carbon sugar in plants and animals?

Answer 5

Glucose

Question 6

What is the process of producing glucose in green plants?

Answer 6

Photosynthesis

Question 7

What are two molecules of a monosaccharide linked to form a larger molecule?

Answer 7

Disaccharide

Question 8

What are monosaccharides linked together to form hundreds or thousands of simple sugars?

Answer 8

Polysaccharides

Question 9

What are polysaccharides found in plants?

Answer 9

Starches

Question 10

What are polysaccharides found in animals and people?

Answer 10

Glycogen

Question 11

What polysaccharide forms the walls of plant cells?

Answer 11

Cellulose

Question 12

What is a group of biological compounds characterized by insolubility in water?

Answer 12

Lipids

Question 13

What are the simplest lipid molecules?

Answer 13

Fatty acids

Question 14

What is the common name for triglycerides?

Answer 14

Fats

Question 15

What type of fat, including animal fats, are usually solid at room temperature?

Answer 15

Saturated fats

Question 16

What type of fats have one or more double bonds between atoms and are usually liquid at room temperature?

Answer 16

Unsaturated fats

Question 17

What lipid is used by our bodies to make bile, vitamin D, cell membrane, and hormones?

Answer 17

Cholesterol

Question 18

What are globules of cholesterol encased in a membrane made of lipids and proteins?

Answer 18

Lipoproteins

Question 19

Which type of lipoprotein can cause heart and artery disease?

Answer 19

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)

Question 20

Which type of lipoprotein can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease?

Answer 20

High-density lipoprotein (HDL)

Question 21

What are complex organic molecules used to build and maintain living cells?

Answer 21

Proteins

Question 22

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Answer 22

Amino acids

Question 23

What links amino acids together into proteins?

Answer 23

Peptide bonds

Question 24

What type of protein shape remains straight after completion?

Answer 24

Fibrous proteins

Question 25

What type of protein shape folds up when it is completed?

Answer 25

Globular proteins

Question 26

What are special globular proteins that initiate or regulate chemical reactions within the cell?

Answer 26

Enzymes

Question 27

What group of chemicals contain the plans or blueprints that guide the construction of proteins in the cell?

Answer 27

Nucleic acids

Question 28

What is the cell’s master program that contains the cell’s information?

Answer 28

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Question 29

What are the “ladder rungs” that contain nitrogen?

Answer 29

Bases

Question 30

What is the shape of the structure of DNA?

Answer 30

Double helix

Question 31

What is a segment of DNA that contains the code for a specific, substance, task, or characteristics?

Answer 31

Gene

Question 32

What is the process by which the cells make a copy of DNA?

Answer 32

Transcription

Question 33

What is the working copy of the DNA?

Answer 33

RNA

Question 34

What is the process by which the body produces and uses energy from food?

Answer 34

Metabolism

Question 35

What is the process in which glucose in burned in the mitochondria?

Answer 35

Cellular respiration

Question 36

What is the special phosphorus compound that serves as the energy carrier of the cell?

Answer 36

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)