Chapter 13.2 Flashcards
What are the smaller particles of matter that atoms are made of?
Subatomic particles
What is the dense central core of the atom called?
Nucleus
What are the subatomic particles that carry a positive electric charge called?
Protons
What is the number of protons in the nucleus?
Atomic number
What are the subatomic particles that are electrically neutral?
Neutrons
What are atoms that are the same element but have different numbers of neutrons?
Isotopes
What are the smaller particles that compose the protons and neutrons?
Quarks
What are the subatomic particles that carry a negative electric charge?
Electrons
What are the concentric layers surrounding the nucleus that can only hold a certain number of electrons?
Electron shell
What is an atom that has an electric charge because of losing or gaining electrons?
Ion
What is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus?
Mass number
What are the units in which masses of atoms are usually measured?
atomic mass units
What is the average mass of all the natural isotopes of an element?
Average atomic mass
What states that tiny particles like electrons do not absorb or release energy in a smooth flow?
Quantum theory
What is the most familiar model of the atom?
Bohr model
What model of atom was produced from Schrodinger’s hypothesis of electrons?
Wave-mechanical model
What states that it is impossible to measure both the position and velocity of an electron with certainty?
Heisenberg uncertainty principle
What is the term for the regions through which electrons move unpredictably?
Orbitals
What is the mathematical representation of the overall motion of each electron?
Quantum numbers
What states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same four quantum numbers?
Pauli exclusion principle
