Chapter 56: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Flashcards
Indications for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- Extraction of decayed teeth that cannot be restored
-Surgical removal of impacted teeth - Extraction of nonvital teeth
-Preprosthesis surgery to smooth and contour the alveolar ridge - Removal of teeth for orthodontic treatment
- Removal of root fragments
-Removal of cysts and tumors - Biopsy
- Treatment of fractures of the mandible or maxilla
- Corrective jaw surgery
- Surgery of the temporomandibular joint
- Reconstructive surgery
- Cleft lip and cleft palate repairs
- Salivary gland surgery
- Surgical implant procedures
Surgical procedures are invasive and in-depth, requiring the surgical assistant to have advanced knowledge and skill in:
- patient assessment & monitoring
-use of specialized instruments
-surgical asepsis
-surgical procedures
-pain control techniques
Surgical Assistant’s Role in Oral Surgery
• Review patient record
• Have necessary consent forms signed
• Verify any information requested from the patient’s physician has been received.
• verification of final fabrications with dental lab
• surgical setups are prepared and sterilized.
• Contact the patient and provide preoperative instruction
• Instruct patient to have someone drive him or her and stay during the procedure.
Treatment Room Preparation
• placing protective barriers
• Keeping surgical instruments in their sterile wraps until ready for use.
• pain control medications ready for administration
• postoperative instructions fot the patient.
Surgical procedures are accomplished in two types of settings:
private dental practice
hospital or outpatient surgical suite.
room in a private practice that resembles an operating room, but on a much smaller scale
surgical suite
The patient who is receiving surgical care from an OMFS in an office setting is considered as having ____ surgery and is seen as an outpatient.
minor
specific items used only for surgical procedures in a private dental practice
-monitoring equipment
-mobile trays
- pain control units
To acquire permission from a hospital to use its clinical facility, the oral surgeon must apply for privileges to practice at an institution.
The hospital will then grant privileges to the oral surgeon based on his or her training, competency, and reference.
T or F
True
The environment is spacious enough to accommodate :
(1) operating table
(2)anesthesiology equipment
(3) mobile surgical trays, holding instruments, and supplies
(4) overhead lighting
(5) monitoring equipment
(6) standing room for the surgeon, surgical assistant, roving assistant, and anesthesiologist
_____ instruments are designed to separate the tooth from the socket, retract surrounding tissue, loosen and elevate the tooth within the socket, or extract the tooth from the socket
surgical
reflects (separate) and retract the periosteum from the surface of the bone.
Before a surgical forcep is placed around the tooth, the dentist uses a this instrument to detach the gingival tissues from around the cervix (neck) of the tooth.
periosteal elevators
are used to apply leverage against the tooth to loosen it from the periodontal ligament and ease the extraction
additional uses include removal of residual root fragments and removal of teeth that have been sectioned with a surgical handpiece and bur.
straight elevators
are instruments used for the removal of root tips or fragments that may break away from the tooth during the extraction procedure
root tip pick
are used after the extraction to scrape the interior of the socket to remove diseased tissue or abscesses.
surgical curette
used to trim alveolar bone. It is widely used after multiple extractions to eliminate sharp projections and to shape the edentulous ridge.
rongeurs
used with a push-pull motion to smooth the surface of the bone after the rongeur has removed most of the undesirable bone.
Can also be used to smooth rough margins of the alveolus after an extraction
bone file
. The most commonly used scalpel blade for oral surgery is:
a #15 blade
a surgical knife used to make a precise incision into soft tissue with the least amount of trauma to the tissue.
scalpel
are multipurpose instruments used to grasp and hold things.
During oral surgery,this is used to grasp a vessel, soft tissue, bone, and tooth fragments that have been removed during the procedure
hemostat
looks and operates like a hemostat. The difference is that the beaks have a cross-pattern serration on the surface, allowing the surgeon to grasp a suture needle firmly
needle holder
The handles of surgical scissors range in length from approximately 3 1/12 to 6 1/4 inches.
These fragile scissors are used to trim soft tissue.
surgical scissors
are used during surgical procedures to handle soft tissue as carefully as possible to prevent trauma that may delay healing.
tissue retractors
A patient who is receiving nitrous oxide/oxygen, intravenous sedation, or general anesthesia should use a ____ ___ to prevent involuntary closure of the mouth.
mouth prop
When there is a need to remove or reshape bone, a _______ and _____ are used
surgical chisel
mallet
what is required for cooling when rotary instruments are used.
sterile saline water
Establishing and maintaining the chain of asepsis for a procedure requires that the instruments, surgical drapes, and gloved hands of the surgical team must be _____
STERILE
Contact with _____ objects or surfaces breaks the chain of asepsis and contaminates the surgical area.
non sterile