CHAPTER 17:ORAL PATHOLOGY Flashcards by Steph Dimares

What is oral pathology?

study of diseases in the oral cavity

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many systemic diseases have oral manifestations. true or false?

true

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name the 8 sources of information used to make a final diagnosis

historical
clinical
radiographic
microscopic
laboratory
therapeutic
surgical
differential findings

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what kind of information is needed for a historical finding

patients history, family history, race etc.

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what kind of information is needed for a clinical finding

examining the patients mouth

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what kind of information is needed for a radiographic finding

taking x ray

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what kind of information is needed for a microscopic finding

taking a biopsy

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what kind of information is needed for a laboratory finding

running some tests (blood tests etc)

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what kind of information or procedure is needed for therapeutic information

providing treatment to the patient

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what kind of information or procedure is needed for a surgical finding

surgery

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what kind of information or procedure is needed for a differential finding

coming to a conclusion for a diagnosis from 2 or more findings.

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what is glositis?

inflammation of the tongue

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what is xerostemia?

dry mouth

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what is inflammation?

the body’s protective response to irritation

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what is an infection?

entry of harmful microorganisms

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define acute inflammation

happens suddenly. minimal and short lasting injury. tissue repairs quickly

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define chronic inflammation

when injury and irritation of the tissue continues and stays long term. harder to treat

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what are the classic signs of inflammation ?

redness
heat on the area
swelling
pain

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what are oral lesions?

abnormal tissues in the oral cavity

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what is erosion?

shallow injury in the mucosa caused by MECHANICAL TRAUMA

chewing, accidentally biting cheeks, eating very acidic food

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what is ulcer?

break in the mucosa that looks like a PUNCHED OUT area like a crater.

may be ragged, red and painful.

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what is an abscess?

a collection of pus in a specific area.

commonly found in the apex (tip) of a tooth

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what is pus?

collection of WHITE blood cells

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what is a cyst?

FLUID FILLED SAC.

not always infectious

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name the lesions below the mucosal surface?

``` erosion cysts ulcer abscess pus ```

blisters (vesicles)

filled with a watery fluid

pustule

looks like a blister but filled with pus

hematoma

similar to a blister but filled with blood

what is plaque?

patch or flat area that is SLIGHTLY RAISED from surface

name some lesions above the mucosal surface

vesicles (blister) hematoma pustule plaque

medical term for bruise

ecchymosis

what is a tumour?

a mass of tissue that grows beyond the normal size. | may be benign or malignant

name two lesions even with the mucosal surface

ecchymosis | tumour

leukoplakia

white patch

how do you classify a leukoplakia?

the lesion should be firmly attached to the underlying tissue and cannot be scraped off.

lichen planus

inflammatory benign skin condition that affects the skin and oral mucosa; appears as flat-topped pink or purple bumps patchy white lesions on the oral mucosa that have a netlike pattern called WICKHAMS STRIAE

candidiasis

infection caused by the YEAST LIKE FUNGUS called CANDIDA ALBICANS

candidiasis be caused by what

antibiotic therapy diabetes xerostemia weak immune system

candida albicans

a yeast like fungus

pseudomembranous candidiasis

THRUSH (creamy white plaques) common in babies

oral manifestation of atrophic candidiasis (erythematous candidiasis)

burning or scalding mouth | "like swallowing something too hot"

APTHOUS ULCER

aka CANKER SORES outbreaks of blister like sores INSIDE THE MOUTH and on the lips

cellulitis

uncontrolled inflammation within a localized area which spreads throughout soft tissues and organs.

symptoms of cellulitis

high fever, severe pain

"black hairy tongue"

when the filiform papillae becomes elongated and darkly stained causing hair like appearance

what is black hairy tongue be caused by?

oral flora imbalance

"geographic tongue"

surface of the tongue loses areas of filiform papillae and causes irregularly shaped patterns (like a map)

fissured tongue

top of tongue has deep grooves and fissures | this is normal

pernicious anemia

body does not absorb vitamin b12

symptoms of pernicious anemia

anemia weakness fatigue

oral manifestations of pernicious anemia

ANGULAR CHEILITIS | ulceration and redness at corners of mouth

carcinoma

malignant neoplasm (growth) of the epithelium (tissue lining the mouth) that invades surrounding bones and connective tissue

what is leukemia

cancer of the blood

oral manifestations of leukemia

``` hemorrhage ulceration enlargement spongy texture magenta gingiva ```

osteoradionecrosis

death of the bone | extraction of teeth should be done before radiation therapy

H.I.V

human immunodeficiency virus

AIDS

Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome

what is aids

END OF STAGE disease for an individual infected with HIV

oral manifestation of aids

- HIV GINGIVITIS (atypical gingivitis) | - HIV PERIODONTITIS

what is HIV GINGIVITIS

acute bright red line along the border of free gingival margin

what is HIV PERIODONTIS

acute necrotizing gingivitis

symptoms of HIV periodontis

- interproximal necrosis and cratering - swelling and redness over the free and attached gingiva - bad breath - intense pain - spontaneous bleeding

Cervical lymphadenopathy

enlargement of cervical nodes

Kaposi's sarcoma

bluish blackish or reddish blotches that are usually FLAT in the early stages

what does Kaposi's sarcoma diagnose

onset of aids

What is herpes simplex

AKA COLD SORES | ulcer like lesions that occur on the border of lip

What is a congenital disorder

abnormalities present at birth.

the two factors that developmental disturbances are caused by

genetic | environmental

Teratogens

environmental factors that have a negative effect on development

macrognathia

abnormally large jaws

micrognathia

abnormally small jaws

exotosis(torus)

BENIGN bony growth

ankyloglossia

AKA tongue TIED

anodontia

congenital absence of teeth

premature eruption

teeth present at birth

impaction

tooth that remains unerupted in the jaws. No room to erupt

ankylosis

decidious(primary) teeth that has fused to cementum and dentin and does not exfoliate.

abrasion

ABNORMAL wear away of teeth structure caused by repetitive habit (improper brushing of teeth)

attrition

NORMAL wearing away of a tooth structure during chewing can also be caused by bruxism