CHAPTER 18: MICROBIOLOGY Flashcards
What is microbiology?
the study of micro-organisms
how many cells do micro organisms have?
one (they are unicellular)
Pathogenic meaning
disease causing
Non-pathogenic meaning
not disease causing “normal flora”
Host
The body in which pathogens enter
How many types of micro-organisms are there?
5
what are the 5 micro-organisms?
Bacteria
Fungi
Virus
Algae
Protozoa
name the additional micro organisms
prions
ricketsiae
Define the characteristics of a bacteria
can survive independently at dark moist environment 37 degrees c
come in various shapes
some are harmless
may take form of “capsule and spore”
Capsule
forms INSIDE a host.
bacteria develop a thick layer around themselves in order to protect themselves from dying.
ex. hosts defenses (antibiotics)
Spores
forms and survives OUTSIDE of the host.
bacteria that forms a protective layer around themselves under UNFAVOURABLE CONDITIONS like extreme heat.
spores remain inactive until conditions become favorable again. true or false
TRUE
bacteria used to test efficiency of sterilizing equipments
spores
which bacteria causes carries?
streptococcus mutans
term for NO micro organisms
sterile
process of making something sterile
sterilization
Define a virus
smaller than bacteria
can live and MULTIPLY ONLY INSIDE HOST cell
viruses can destroy host cell and release more viruses
have specifity (certain viruses will only infect certain cells)
can become latent and hide inside our cells/DNA
Provirus
inactive VIRUS. can get reactivated when immune system is low.
viruses cannot be destroyed when inside a host cell
true.
viruses can be destroyed by _______ outside a hosts body
disinfectant
______ can change their genetic code and mutate in order to resist killing
viruses
the three bases of bacteria
shape
oxygen requirement
staining
bacteria’s based by shape?
cocci
bacilli
spirochettes
bacteria’s based by staining
gram positive
gram negative
gram variable
bacteria’s based by oxygen requirement
aerobes
anaerobes
facultative
shape of cocci bacteria
spherical/round
shape of bacilli bacteria
rod shaped
shape of spirochette bacteria
spiral
staining of gram positive
dark purple stained with gram positive stain
staining of gram negative
colourless, does not stain
staining of facultative
has some staining but not consistent
oxygen requirement for aerobes
needs oxygen to survive
oxygen requirement for anaerobes
does not need oxygen. will die if exposed to oxygen
oxygen requirement for facultative
oxygen does not affect them. can survive with or without oxygen
who is Louis Pasteur
a French chemist who discovered bacteria existed.
“father of microbiology”
invented pasteurization (boiling process to get rid of bacteria)
The types of hepatitis
hep A B C D E
which hepatitis is blood borne
hep b c d
which hepatitis is oral feccal transmission
hep A E
which hepatitis causes liver damage and death
hep B
which is the least dangerous hepatitis
HEP E
which hepatitis is the most dangerous and why?
hepatitis c because there is no vaccine for it and is blood borne/high carrier rate.
herpes is blood borne True or false
TRUE
herpes can remain dormant for years true or false
true
how many types of herpes are there?
four
what are the four types of herpes
herpes simplex
herpes zoster
eipsten barr virus
CMV (cyto meaglo virus)
herpes simplex
term for COLD SORE and type I presents blister like sores around the mouth/border of lips.
type II causes genital lesions
herpes zoster
causes shingles. same virus that causes chicken pox and can be reactivated as shingles when immune system is low.
Cytomegalo virus (CMV)
normally a latent virus and does not cause any symptons
Epstein Barr virus
causes monocelosis
Pasteurize
process of boiling to get rid of harmful bacteria
_______ are the “perfect parasites”
viruses
under unfavourable conditions some _________ change into a highly resistant form called spores
bacteria
Protozoa
large group of one cell microorganism that do not have a rigid cell wall
fungi
organisms such as mushrooms, yeast, molds
candida
common type of yeast
oral candidiasis
caused by the yeast “candida albicans” and is found in the oral cavity.
prions
small proteinaceous infections
not a living organism
causes MAD COW disease
tuberculosis
infectious diseases caused by the bacteria MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS
MRSA
antibiotic resistant bacteria
untreatable
evolved from overuse of penicillin
