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Dental Assisting > CHAPTER 34: FLOURIDES > Flashcards

CHAPTER 34: FLOURIDES Flashcards

1
Q

Fluoride is necessary for optimum oral health at all ages and is made available at the tooth surface by two general means:

A

SYSTEMICALLLY
( by way of the circulation to developing teeth. PRE ERUPTIVE)

TOPICALLY
(directly to the exposed surfaces of teeth erupted into the oral cavity1 (posteruptive exposure).

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2
Q

Most flouride is absorbed within how many minutes?

A

60

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3
Q

Fluoride that is not absorbed in the stomach will be absorbed by the__________

A

small intestine

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4
Q

Approximately 99% of fluoride in the body is located where?

A

mineralized tissues

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5
Q

Concentrations of fluoride are highest at the surfaces next to the ______ fluid supplying the fluoride.

A

tissue

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6
Q

Most fluoride is excreted through the _______ in the urine, with a small amount excreted by the sweat glands and ____

A

feces

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7
Q

Fluoride is deposited during the formation of the ____ , starting at the ______ junction, after the enamel matrix has been laid down by the ameloblasts.

A

enamel
dentinoenamel

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8
Q

The hydroxyapatite crystalline structure becomes ________ , which is (less/more) soluble than apatite crystal.

A

flourapetite
less soluble

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9
Q

a form of hypomineralization that results from systemic ingestion of an excess amount of fluoride during tooth development.

A

dental flourosis

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10
Q

During mineralization, the enamel is highly receptive to ______ ions.

A

free flouride

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11
Q

After mineralization is complete and (before/after) eruption, fluoride deposition continues in the surface of the enamel.

A

before

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12
Q

After eruption and throughout the life span of the teeth, the concentration of fluoride on the outermost surface of the enamel is dependent on:

A

Daily topical sources of fluoride

to prevent demineralization and encourage remineralization for prevention of dental caries.

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13
Q

Uptake is most rapid on the enamel surface during the____ years after _____

A

first
eruption

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14
Q

Fluoride concentration is greatest on the surface next to the source of fluoride.

t or f

A

true

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15
Q

Uptake of fluoride depends on the level of fluoride in the ___ _____and the length of time of exposure.

A

oral environment

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16
Q

Demineralized enamel that has been remineralized in the presence of fluoride will have a _____ concentration of fluoride than sound enamel.

A

greater

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17
Q

flouride level may be _____ in dentin than in enamel

A

greater

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18
Q

newly formed dentin absorbs flouride slowly

t or f

A

false. it absorbs flouride rapidly

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19
Q

The level of fluoride in cementum is ____ and _____ with exposure.

A

high
increases

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20
Q

are reservoirs for fluoride; ___ carries minerals available for remineralization when needed.

A

saliva and biolfilm
saliva

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21
Q

Fluoride enhances _______ forming a condensed layer on the crystal surface, which attracts _______ & _____ ions.

A

remineralization

phosphate & calcium

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22
Q

Dental biofilm may contain __ -__ ppm fluoride. The content varies greatly and is constantly changing.

A

5-50ppm

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23
Q

three basic topical effects of fluoride to prevent dental caries:

A

1.Inhibit demineralization.
2.Enhance remineralization of incipient lesions.
3.Inhibit bacterial activity by inhibiting enolase ( an enzyme needed by bacteria to metabolize carbohydrates.)

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24
Q

an enzyme needed by bacteria to metabolize carbohydrates

A

enolase

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25
Q

the adjustment of the natural fluoride ion content in a municipal water supply to the optimum physiologic concentration that will maximize caries prevention and limit enamel fluorosis.

A

flourodation

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26
Q

Early in the 20th century, Dr. McKay began his extensive studies to find the cause of “brown stain,” which later was called mottled enamel and now is known as ?

A

dental flourosis

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27
Q

level of fluoride in the water optimum for dental caries prevention averages _ ppm in moderate climates.

Clinically objectionable dental fluorosis is associated with levels well over _ ppm.

A

1ppm

2ppm

28
Q

recommendation for the optimal concentration of water fluoridation to __ ppm for all communities, regardless of climate.

A

0.7PPM

29
Q

Compounds from which the fluoride ion is derived are naturally occurring and are mined in various parts of the world.
Examples of common sources are :

A

fluorspar,
cryolite,
apatite.

30
Q

Criteria for acceptance of a fluoride compound for fluoridation include:

A

-Solubility
-Relatively inexpensive.
-Readily available

31
Q

Fluoridated water is a
(systemic/topical) source of fluoride for developing teeth and a ____ source of fluoride on the surfaces of erupted teeth throughout life

A

systemic
topical

32
Q

Estimates have shown the reduction in caries due to water fluoridation alone (factoring out other sources of topical fluoride) among adults of all ages is __%

A

27%

33
Q

______ teeth, particularly maxillary, receive more protection from fluoride than do ______teeth.

_____ teeth are contacted by the drinking water as it passes into the mouth.

A

ANTERIOR
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR

34
Q

The incidence of root caries is approximately __% less for lifelong residents of a fluoridated community

A

50

35
Q

With fluoridation from birth, the caries incidence is reduced up to __% in the primary teeth.

A

40

36
Q

Foods cooked in fluoridated water ____ fluoride from the cooking water.

A

RETAIN

37
Q

Examples of foods that contain flouride

A

meat, eggs, veggies, cereals, fruit

38
Q

Breast milk may contain ___ ppm fluoride, and all types of infant formula themselves contain a low amount of fluoride (0.11–0.57 ppm).

A

0.02ppm

39
Q

when are flouride lozenges and tablets best taken

A

bedtime after teeth are brushed.

avoid drinking,eating or rinsing before bed

40
Q

liquid concentrate flouride is primary used for :

A

-Child aged 6 months - 3 years
- Patient of any age unable to use other forms that require chewing and swallowing

41
Q

No more than ___ mg NaF (120 mg fluoride ion) to be dispensed per household at one time.

A

264

42
Q

Administration of prenatal dietary fluoride supplements is recommended.

true or false

A

false

43
Q

The use of fluoride supplements in children over 6 years of age shows a ___% decrease in DMF tooth surfaces in permanent teeth compared to no fluoride supplements.

A

24%

44
Q

Consider the child’s ___, _____ , and all sources of fluoride exposure before recommending the use of fluoride supplements.33

A

age
caries risk

45
Q

5% NaF varnish at least every __-__ months (for all ages and adult root caries)

A

3-6 months

46
Q

1.23% APF gel 4-minute trays at least every __-__, months (for 6 years and older and adult root caries)

A

3-6

47
Q

may etch porcelain and composite restorative materials, so it is not indicated for patients with porcelain, composite restorations, and sealants.50

A

APF

48
Q

is effective in reversing active pit and fissure enamel lesions in the primary dentition and remineralizing enamel lesions, regardless of whether it is applied over or around the demineralizing lesion.

A

varnish

49
Q

how does applying professional topical flouride help our teeth?

A
  1. prevention of dental caries
    2.remineralization
    3.desensitization (flouride aids in blocking dentinal tubules)
50
Q

No more than _ mL of gel is placed in each tray for children, and no more than _ mL is placed in each tray for adults

A

2
5

51
Q

only professional fluoride recommended for children under 6 y of age

A

Varnish Application (5% NaF)

52
Q

after tray application patient instructions :

A

Instruct patients not to rinse, eat, drink, brush, or floss until at least 30 minutes after gel or foam applications.

53
Q

after varnish application patient instructions:

A

avoid hot drinks and alcoholic beverages; eating hard, sticky, or crunchy foods; and brushing or flossing the teeth for 4–6 hours after application or until the next morning to allow fluoride uptake to continue undisturbed.

54
Q

indications for using SDF (Silver diamine flouride)

A

-Extreme caries risk
-Treatment challeneged by behavioural medical management
-Diffucult to treat dental carious lesions
-Patients with no access to dental care

55
Q

Contraindications/relative contraindications to SDF

A

Allergy to silver
Pregnancy/breastfeeding

56
Q

Concentrations of ____ ppm fluoride or less can be sold OTC.

Some products containing less than ____ ppm of fluoride are available only by Rx.

A

1500

57
Q

The three methods for self-application are by

A

tray
rinsing
toothbrushing

58
Q

tray technique indications for use

A

Rampant enamel or root caries in persons of any age to prevent additional new carious lesions and promote remineralization around existing lesions.

59
Q

refers to rapid intake of an excess dose over a short time.

A

acute toxicity

60
Q

applies to long-term ingestion of fluoride in amounts that exceed the approved therapeutic levels.

A

chronic toxicity

61
Q

isolated instances of osteosclerosis, an elevation in bone density, can result from chronic toxicity after long-term (10 years or more) ingestion of water with ___ ppm fluoride

A

8-10ppm

62
Q

also called “neutral sodium fluoride” due to its neutral pH of __, contains 9,050 ppm fluoride ion.

A

NaF
7.0

63
Q

contains Low pH of 3.5 enhances fluoride uptake, which is greatest during the first 4 minutes.

A

1.23% APF gel

64
Q

has a higher concentration of fluoride than gel or foam (__,___ ppm fluoride ion), but an overall less amount of fluoride is used per application

A

varnish
22,600

65
Q

Varnish is effective in reversing active pit and fissure enamel lesions in the ____ dentition and remineralizing enamel lesions, regardless of whether the varnish is applied over or around the demineralizing lesion.

A

primary

66
Q

Varnish received approval from the U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as a ___ _____ and for treatment of dentin hypersensitivity.

A

cavity liner

67
Q

ph level of SDF

A

8-10

Dental Assisting (52 decks)

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