CHAPTER 13 & 14 : DENTAL CARIES & PERIODONTITS Flashcards
How caries form
bacteria + food = acid
acid breaks down enamel and causes hole in tooth
Dental caries
(tooth decay) infectious and communicable disease
two groups of bacteria that causes caries
Mutans streptococci (MS)
lactobacilli (LB)
does the oral cavity of a newborn contain MS? (mutans streptococci)
No, it does not
Dental plaque
soft mass of bacterial deposits that covers tooth surfaces
colourless, soft sticky coating that adheres to teeth
Can you get rid of dental plaque with self cleansing movements such as swishing water around the mouth ?
no, you cannot. you need to brush your teeth to get rid of plaque
Disclosing agent
a special dye that makes plaque visible
primary teeth are made up of slightly more _____ than ________ teeth
water
permanent teeth
three process that must be present to form caries
- susceptible tooth
2.diet rich in fermented carbs
3.specific bacteria
sugar is a type of what that causes caries?
carbohydrates
demineralization
loss of minerals from the tooth
occurs when calcium and phosphate dissolve from hydroxyapatite crystals in the enamel.
remineralization
minerals being added back to the tooth
calcium and phosphate are redeposited in previously demineralized areas
stages of carries
1st stage: incipient caries - occurs when caries begin to demineralize enamel. looks chalky white
2nd stage: overt lesion (frank lesion) - cavitation or cavity hole throughout mouth
rampant caries
caries that are present in many areas of the mouth/teeth
how do rampant caries occur?
xerostemia
excessive and frequent sucrose intake
secondary (recurrent caries)
forms in tiny spaces between the tooth and the margins of restoration
difficult to diagnose and you cannot see it easily. xrays might be needed
root caries
when caries attack the roots
occurs on the root of teeth with gingival recession
which part of of the tooth is more susceptible to caries than the enamel because it has less mineral content?
cementum covering
why is saliva good for our teeth?
helps with remineralization
How does Early Childhood Caries (ECC) occur?
most often when the milk bottle is left in the babies mouth while they are sleeping
miracle fluid that provides physical, chemical and antibacterial properties
saliva
chemical protection
remineralization -> neutralizes acid in teeth
small proteins that neutralize acids in teeth
bicarbonate +phosphate
Methods to diagnose caries
dental explorer
radiographs (xray)
visual appearance
indicator dyes
laser caries detector
diagnose caries and reveal bacterial activity
(does not detect interproximal caries, subgingival caries or secondary caries)
CAMBRA
Carries management By Risk Assessment
what is the purpose of CAMBRA
strategy for preventative and reparative care of early dental caries
the caries process can be interupted or prevented by
flouride
decreased fermentable carbs
increased salivary flow
Caries Risk Test ( CRT )
a test used to detect numbers of MS and LB bacteria present in saliva
periodontium
composed of gingiva, periodontal ligaments, alveolar bone, cementum
structures that surround, and support the teeth in place
Periodontal disease
infection of the structures that support the teeth
(gums and bone)
calculus
hard, stonelike material that attaches to the tooth surface.
what is the first sign of periodontal disease?
gingivitis
can calculus be removed by brushing alone?
no you need to get your teeth cleaned by a hygienist
what is calculus divided into ?
supragingival (above the gingiva)
subgingival (below the gingiva)
acquired pellicle
thin film of protein that quickly forms on teeth
mostly occurs after brushing
periodontal disease includes both what ?
gingivitis+periodontitis
pyogenic granuloma
tumour on gingiva
can happen during pregnancy and hormone changes
periodontitis
inflammation of the periodontium
less than 30% of affected site
localized
more than 30% of affected site
generalized
severity of disease is determined as follows :
slight or early
moderate
severe or advanced
