CHAPTER 19: DISEASE TRANSMISSION & INFECTION PREVENTION Flashcards
Chain of infection includes the following
Infectious agent Reservoir Portal of exit Mode of transmission Portal of entry Susceptible
or
number of microorganisms
virulence
susceptibility
portal of entry
latent infection
infection that comes and goes
infectious disease
contagious
cummunicable
primary modes of disease transmission in the dentisry
direct contact
indirect contact
droplet infection
parenteral (percutaneous) transmission
infection that breaks through the skin. needles, human bites, cuts, abrasions
aerosol
small particles that can remain airborne for an extended amount of time
splatter
larger particles that are contaminated by blood, saliva or other debris
fecal oral transmission
pathogens in fecal particles pass from one person to the mouth of another person
occurs most often among healthcare and childcare workers who frequently change diapers and careless food handlers.
immunity
allows the body to resist disease and prevents foreign bodies from causing infection
natural acquired immunity
when a person has previously contracted a disease and recovered.
artificially acquired immunity
immunity that results from vaccination
disease transmission in the dental office
patient to dental team dental team to patient patient to patient community to dental office dental office to community
droplet infection
Infection that occurs through mucosal surfaces of the eyes, nose, or mouth
(ex: when a dental team member inhales aerosol generated by the handpiece –> drill)
prevention of droplet infection
mask
gloves
protective eyewear
dental dam
waterborne organisms
colonizes inside the dental unit waterlines and causes biofilm
biofilm: ( slimy film of bacteria that adheres to a surface.)
universal precautions
based on the concept that all human blood and bodily fluids are to be treated as infected with a blood borne disease (hiv, hpv, hcv)
universal precautions are to be used by all healthcare professional. true or false
true
standard precautions
integrated and expanded elements of precaution into a standard of care.
list the standard precautions
wash hands
wear gloves
use care when handling sharps
wear a mask, eye protection and face shield.
occupational exposure
any anticipated skin, eye. or mucous membrane contact and percutaneous injury with blood or any other potentially infectious materials.
percutaneous
“through the skin”
permucosal
contact with the mucous membranes : eyes, nose ,mouth.
management of exposure incident
document the exposure
identify and document the source individual
request that the source individual get a blood test (individual may refuse)
advise the employee to take a blood test
handwashing guidelines
- must wash hands before putting gloves and after discarding gloves.
- wash hands for 10 seconds BETWEEN patients
- wash hands for 20-30 seconds for the initial hand washing, after eating, using washroom.
what is PPE
personal protective equipment
examples of PPE
protective clothing, surgical masks, face shields, protective eyewear, disposable treatment gloves, heavy duty utility gloves.
in what order do you put PPE in
in reverse order of what you frequently change the most during the day.
ex: gloves would be last & protective clothing would be first.
what kind of protective mask is the safest for people who work in healthcare/dental profession?
n95 mask. contains 95% filtration.
what are the different types of gloves used in the dental office?
utility gloves
examination gloves
overgloves
which material causes the allergies to some patients
latex
