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Dental Assisting > CHAPTER 43 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 43 Flashcards

1
Q

must withstand biting and chewing forces

A

mechanical

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2
Q

any push or pull on matter is called

A

force

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3
Q

types of stress and strains

A

tensile
compressive
shear

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4
Q

pulls and stretches material. two forces applied in different difrections

A

tensile stress

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5
Q

two forces applied in the same direction (ex: chewing is a type of this stress)

A

compressive stress

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6
Q

two forces of material parallel to each other sliding in opposite directions. ex: clenching teeth, bruxism

A

shear stress

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7
Q

the measure of the capacity of a metal to be stretched or drawn out by a pulling or tensile force without fracturing

A

ductility

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8
Q

the most malleable metal

A

gold

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9
Q

change in temp in the oral cavity resulting from ingesting hot or cold products leads in size changes in the material. Will result in expansion and contraction.

A

thermal changes

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10
Q

happens when there are two different kind of metals inside the patients mouth

A

electrical properties / galvanic shock

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11
Q

the mechanical property of a dental material. A permanent restoration must have enough _______ to resist indentation, scratching, or abrasion

A

hardness

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12
Q

the reaction that occurs within a metal when it is exposed to corrosive factors such as temperature, humidity, and saline.

A

corrosion

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13
Q

the degree to which a substance will dissolve in a given amount of another substance

A

solubility

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14
Q

measure of the capacity of a metal to be stretched or drawn out by a pulling or tensile force without fracturing

A

ductility

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15
Q

measure of the capacity of a metal to be extended in all directions by a compressive force, such as rolling or hammering.

A

malleability

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16
Q

thermal changes are of major concern for two reasons

A
  1. contraction and expansion
  2. need to protect pulp from thermal shock from extreme differences in temp.
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17
Q

It is essential that the tooth structure and the restorative material have, as nearly as possible, the same ____ of contraction and expansion.

A

rate

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18
Q

conditions that cause galvanic shock

A

two different metal composition in the mouth

saliva = good electricty conductor

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19
Q

The surface discoloration that we see in older amalgam restorations in the mouth is referred to as

A

tarnish

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20
Q

For a dental material to have specific mechanical properties, steps must occur in the application of the dental material. Techniques used in the placement help create the following effects.

A

flow
adhesion
retention
curing

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21
Q

the ability of two unlike materials to
adhere to each other.

A

adhesion

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22
Q

Characteristics of a dental material that will affect the adhesion process

A

wetting,

viscosity,

surface characteristic

film thickness

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23
Q

the ability of a liquid to come into contact with a solid surface, and the small irregularities that may be present.

A

wetting

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24
Q

is the property of a liquid that causes it not to flow easily.

A

viscosity

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25
Q

is the ability to hold two things firmly together when they will not adhere to each other naturally.

A

retention

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26
Q

a setting process of a dental material that is initiated by a chemical reaction or by a light in a blue wave spectrum

A

curing

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27
Q

the technical name for silver fillings

A

amalgam

28
Q

Amalgam alloy powder is composed of the following metals:

A

silver
tin
copper
zinc

29
Q

A high-copper alloy is made up of

A

40% to 70% silver,

8% to 28% copper,

15% to 30% tin.

30
Q

composed of gallium, indium, and tin and was approved by the ADA, but it has not been researched for its potential

A

galloy

31
Q

When mercury is combined with other materials in dental amalgam, its chemical nature changes so that it is essentially harmless. T or F

A

True

32
Q

the process by which mercury and alloy powders are mixed together to form the mass of amalgam needed to restore the tooth

A

amalgamation, trituration

33
Q

The amalgam is carried to the tooth by the amalgam carrier and placed in increments into the prepared tooth, with each increment condensed immediately with the use of:

A

amalgam condenser

34
Q

tool used to smooth the amalgam, making sure that no irregularities are present in the restoration

A

burnisher

35
Q

Composition of Composite Resins

A

organic resin matrix

inorganic fillers

coupling agent

tooth coloured pigments

36
Q

resin matrix component also referred to as BIS-GMA

A

dimethacrylate

37
Q

the foundation of resins

A

BIS-GMA

38
Q

adds the strength and other characteristics needed in a restorative material. (reflects light for a more esthetically pleasing material)

A

filler

39
Q

Composites are classified by particle size as :

A

megafill

macrofill

midifill

minifill

microfill

40
Q

Composites that have a combination or mixed range of particle sizes are referred to as:

A

hybrids

41
Q

the process by which resin material is changed from a pliable state (in which it can be molded or shaped) into a hardened restoration. (occurs with light curing)

A

polymerization

42
Q

The exact curing time depends on the following:

A

manufacturers instructions

shade of restorative material

thickness and size of restoration

43
Q

have the ability to adhere CHEMICALLY to teeth and not mechanically

A

glass ionomer

44
Q

most unique feature of ionomer

A

releases
fluoride after the final setting.

45
Q

The type of ceramic most often used in dentistry

A

porcelain

46
Q

one that is fabricated outside the mouth by a dental laboratory technician. These restorations, also referred to as castings,

A

indirect restorative materials

47
Q

Composition of Whitening Materials

A

carbamide peroxide

hydrogen peroxide

48
Q

Teeth become discolored and stained for many reasons including :

A

aging;

consumption of staining substances such as coffee, tea, colas, and tobacco;

trauma;

use of tetracycline (antibiotic);

excessive fluoride;

nerve degeneration;

aging of restorations.

49
Q

glass ionomer is especially desirable for the following applications:

A

primary teeth

final restorations

sealants

core material for buildups

50
Q

a term in dentistry that describes the ability to remove decay or disease and bring back the proper function of a tooth.

A

restorative

51
Q

council formed to ensure that standards and strict specifications are followed by dental material manufacturing companies when a new dental material is developed

A

Council on dental materials instruments

52
Q

the change or deformation of a material as the result of stress.

A

strain

53
Q

the internal resistance or force that can cause distortion

A

stress

54
Q

Indications for Using Dental Amalgam

A
  • Primary and permanent teeth
  • Stress-bearing areas
  • Small to medium-sized cavities in the posterior teeth
    -Severe destruction of tooth structure
  • cast-metal, metal-ceramic, and ceramic restorations
    -poor dental hygiene commitment
  • problematic moisture control
  • cheaper cost
55
Q

Contraindications to the Use of Dental Amalgam

A
  • esthetics
  • allergy to mercury or other amalgam components
    -When a large restoration is needed and the cost of other restorative materials is not a factor
56
Q

Composition of Dental Amalgam

A

equal parts of mercury (43% to 54%)

amalgam
alloy powder (46% to 57%)

57
Q

designed to cover the major portion, if not the entire clinical portion, of a tooth or several teeth for a longer period.

A

provisional restoration

58
Q

Cautions for Placing Glass Ionomers

A

• Avoid water contamination/contact with the material.
•glossy appearance has disappeared=the setting stages have begun.
• Protect the matrix band from the material

59
Q

1:1 ration mercury is called

A

eames technique

60
Q

Noble metals used for cast restorations consist of

A

gold
palladium
platinum

61
Q

this composite is supplied as a hybrid or nanofilled composite with enough filler included to make the material wear resistant.

A

flowable composites

62
Q

these composites resemble flowable composites but have the viscosity to allow the material to flow into the pits and fissures of the tooth surface.

A

sealant composites

63
Q

types of composites most often today. They contain a mixed range of particle sizes.

A

hybrid composites

64
Q

this type restoration is designed to maintain or restore function and keep the patient comfortable for a limited time.

A

temporary restorative materials

65
Q

If a tooth has lost a filling or has a small pit within the enamel, an_______ would be selected.

A

IRM

66
Q
  • Restoration of primary teeth (when permanent teeth are 2 years or less from eruption)
  • Restorative emergencies
  • Caries management programs
  • Placement as a base

common uses of what :

A

IRM

Dental Assisting (52 decks)

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