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A&P > Chapter 5: The Integumentary System > Flashcards

Chapter 5: The Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

accessory structures

A

hair, nails, glands

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2
Q

five major functions of the integument

A

protection
temperature maintenance
synthesis and storage of nutrients
sensory reception
excretion and secretion

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3
Q

thick skin

A

Covers the palms of the hands and soles of the feetHas five layers

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4
Q

thin skin

A

Covers rest of the bodyHas four layers

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5
Q

Langer’s lines

A

represent natural tension patterns in the skin

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6
Q

stratum germinativum (stratum basale)

A

deepest layer of epidermis; consists of many large stem cells that divide to form new keratinocytes which move into the more superficial layers of the epidermis

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7
Q

epidermal ridges

A

downward waves of epidermis which extend surface area between epidermis and dermis

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8
Q

Melanocytes

A

cells that produce melanin

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9
Q

stratum spinosum

A

“spiny layer” where cells may continue to divide and add to thickness of the epithelium; located immediately above stratum germinativum

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10
Q

stratum granulosum

A

“grainy layer” where cells stop dividing and start producing keratin; located above spinosum

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11
Q

stratum lucidum

A

“clear layer” of flattened, densely packed cells; located above granulosum in thick skin

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12
Q

stratum corneum

A

outermost layer of epidermis; consists of 15-30 layers of dead, flattened, keratinized cells

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13
Q

papillary layer of dermis

A

-loose connective tissue
-supports and nourishes the epidermis
-contains capillaries and nerves

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14
Q

reticular layer of dermis

A

-Below papillary layer of dermis

-interwoven meshwork of dense, irregular connective tissue

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15
Q

hair shaft

A

visible part of the hair

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16
Q

hair papilla

A

a peg of connective tissue containing capillaries and nerves

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17
Q

cuticle (hair)

A

outermost layer of hair

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18
Q

arrector pili

A

tiny muscle fibers attached to the hair follicles that cause the hair to stand erect

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19
Q

sebaceous glands

A

holocrine glands that discharge an oily lipid secretion (sebum) into hair follicles or onto skin

20
Q

sudoriferous glands

A

sweat glands; apocrine and merocrine

21
Q

apocrine sweat glands

A

not actually apocrine; found in armpits, around nipples, and in groin; release sticky/cloudy secretion; release directly into hair follicle; neatly coiled

22
Q

merocrine sweat glands

A

2-5 million cover skin, sweat produced here is 99% water; tangled ball; discharge directly onto skin

23
Q

lunula

A

whitish, half-moon shape at the base of the nail

24
Q

first degree burn

A

inflamed/tender only superficial epidermis is killed

25
Q

second degree burn

A

blisters/very painful damage extends into dermis but not beyond it

26
Q

third degree burn

A

charred/no sensation at alldamage extends deeper than dermis

27
Q

granulation tissue

A

a combination of fibrin, fibroblasts, and capillaries that forms during tissue repair after inflammation

28
Q

xerosis

A

“dry skin” a common complaint of older persons and almost anyone living in an arid climate

29
Q

pruritis

A

an irritating itching sensation, common in skin conditions

30
Q

Psoriasis

A

a painless condition characterized by rapid stem cell divisions in the stratum germinativum of the scalp, elbows, palms, soles, groin, and nails; affected areas appear dry and scaly

31
Q

5 strata of skin

A

germinativum (basale), spinosum, granulosum, lucidum (only in thick), corneum

32
Q

carotene

A

yellow-orange pigment

33
Q

UV radiation

A

stimulates D3 synthesis; Convert D3 into calcitriol (active form) by liver and kidneys

34
Q

Petichiae

A

reddish purple spots, diameter less than .5 cm

35
Q

keloid

A

elevated scar, irregular shape, larger than original wound

36
Q

ulcer

A

red or purplish depression ranging into dermis, caused by tissue loss

37
Q

purpura

A

reddish purple blotches, diameter more than .5 cm

38
Q

cortex

A

middle layer of the hair; a fibrous protein core formed by elongated cells containing melanin pigment

39
Q

medulla

A

center of hair; made of a flexible soft keratin

40
Q

nail body

A

consists of a dense mass of dead, keratinized cells; recessed beneath the level of the surrounding epithelium

41
Q

nail bed

A

skin underlying the nail body

42
Q

fibrin

A

insoluble protein that forms the basis of a blood clot

43
Q

herpes zoster

A

shinglesvirus becomes activated later in life (after initial infection) and spreads along sensory nerve; rash is limited to the dermatome of the infected nerve

44
Q

varicella

A

chicken pox

45
Q

hirsutism

A

excessive hair growth

46
Q

exanthems

A

diseases causing skin rashes viral: rubella, rubeola, roseola, varicellabacterial: scarlet fever

A&P (19 decks)

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