Chapter 15: The Respiratory System Flashcards
five basic functions of respiratory system
- provide a large area for gas exchange between blood and air
- moving air to/from the gas-exchange surfaces of the lungs
- protecting the respiratory surfaces from dehydration/temperature changes/invading pathogens
- producing sounds for communication
- providing olfactory sensations to CNS
anterior nasal septum
hyaline cartilage
posterior nasal septum
bony fusion of ethmoid and vomer
nasal conchae
three layers: superior, middle, inferior
-creates turbulence within nasal cavity
-promotes filtration
-humidification
pharynx
throat shared by respiratory and digestive tracts 3 subdivisions: nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
cystic fibrosis
inherited disease that involves the defect of respiratory mucosa; goblet cells produce a dense, viscous mucous that cannot be moved by cilia, leading to clogged airways and frequent infection results
nasopharynx
region of the pharynx at the back of the nose and above the soft palate; contains pharyngeal tonsil and entrances to Eustachian tubes
oropharynx
soft palate and the base of the tongue to hyoid bone; contains palatine tonsils
laryngopharynx
hyoid bone to the entrance to the esophagus
glottis
narrow opening to larynx
larynx
-voice box passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea
-contains nine cartilages
epiglottis
shoehorn-shaped cartilage that projects above glottis, folds over glottis during swallowing to prevent solids from entering respiratory tract
Inhalation flow
Nose and mouth, pharanyx, laranyx, trachea, (L/R) bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar duct, alveolar sac, alveoli
surfactant
oily secretion secreted by septal cells; reduces surface tension of water (thereby preventing alveolar collapse)
right lung
3 lobes (superior, middle, inferior)
left lung
2 lobes (superior and inferior)
three steps of respiration
pulmonary ventilation, gas exchange, gas transport
tidal volume
amount of air moved into or out of the lungs during a normal respiratory cycle
vital capacity
sum of inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and expiratory reserve volume; maximum amount of air that can be moved in a single cycle
residual volume
amount of air remaining in the lungs even after a forced maximal exhalation
minimal volume
the amount of residual air that stays in the lungs even after collapse
external respiration
Exchange of gas between the alveoli and the blood (Lungs)
internal respiration
diffusion of gases between blood and the bodies tissues (tissues)
streptococcus
-bacteria that causes 30% of upper-respiratory infections
-URI symptoms may include fever, chills, myalgias, and fatigue
carbonic acid
CO2 is made into carbonic acid which is almost immediately dissociated into Hydrogen and Bicarbonate ions,
dorsal respiratory group
inspiratory center; contains neurons that control external intercostal muscles and the diaphragm
ventral respiratory group
expiratory center; functions only during forced breathing
minute volume
amount of air moved into and out of lungs per minute
PCO2
-Increase PCO2 indicates increase in CO2 in blood, possible hypoventilation
-To combat this body will increase rate and depth of respirations to counter affects
Staphylococcus
Bacterial infection
Croup
Disease that constricts the airways, prevelent in children
Laryngitis
Inflammation of the Larynx
Visceral vs parietal plura
Visceral plura; lining or organ (lungs) and parietal plura is the outer layer and attaches to chest wall
Internal Ventilation
Physical movement of air into respiratory tract
External Ventilation
Physical movement of air out of the respiratory tract
