Chapter 15: The Respiratory System

Question 1

five basic functions of respiratory system

Answer 1

1. provide a large area for gas exchange between blood and air
2. moving air to/from the gas-exchange surfaces of the lungs
3. protecting the respiratory surfaces from dehydration/temperature changes/invading pathogens
4. producing sounds for communication
5. providing olfactory sensations to CNS

Question 2

anterior nasal septum

Answer 2

hyaline cartilage

Question 3

posterior nasal septum

Answer 3

bony fusion of ethmoid and vomer

Question 4

nasal conchae

Answer 4

three layers: superior, middle, inferior
-creates turbulence within nasal cavity
-promotes filtration
-humidification

Question 5

pharynx

Answer 5

throat shared by respiratory and digestive tracts 3 subdivisions: nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

Question 6

cystic fibrosis

Answer 6

inherited disease that involves the defect of respiratory mucosa; goblet cells produce a dense, viscous mucous that cannot be moved by cilia, leading to clogged airways and frequent infection results

Question 7

nasopharynx

Answer 7

region of the pharynx at the back of the nose and above the soft palate; contains pharyngeal tonsil and entrances to Eustachian tubes

Question 8

oropharynx

Answer 8

soft palate and the base of the tongue to hyoid bone; contains palatine tonsils

Question 9

laryngopharynx

Answer 9

hyoid bone to the entrance to the esophagus

Question 10

glottis

Answer 10

narrow opening to larynx

Question 11

larynx

Answer 11

-voice box passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea
-contains nine cartilages

Question 12

epiglottis

Answer 12

shoehorn-shaped cartilage that projects above glottis, folds over glottis during swallowing to prevent solids from entering respiratory tract

Question 13

Inhalation flow

Answer 13

Nose and mouth, pharanyx, laranyx, trachea, (L/R) bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar duct, alveolar sac, alveoli

Question 14

surfactant

Answer 14

oily secretion secreted by septal cells; reduces surface tension of water (thereby preventing alveolar collapse)

Question 15

right lung

Answer 15

3 lobes (superior, middle, inferior)

Question 16

left lung

Answer 16

2 lobes (superior and inferior)

Question 17

three steps of respiration

Answer 17

pulmonary ventilation, gas exchange, gas transport

Question 18

tidal volume

Answer 18

amount of air moved into or out of the lungs during a normal respiratory cycle

Question 19

vital capacity

Answer 19

sum of inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and expiratory reserve volume; maximum amount of air that can be moved in a single cycle

Question 20

residual volume

Answer 20

amount of air remaining in the lungs even after a forced maximal exhalation

Question 21

minimal volume

Answer 21

the amount of residual air that stays in the lungs even after collapse

Question 22

external respiration

Answer 22

Exchange of gas between the alveoli and the blood (Lungs)

Question 23

internal respiration

Answer 23

diffusion of gases between blood and the bodies tissues (tissues)

Question 24

streptococcus

Answer 24

-bacteria that causes 30% of upper-respiratory infections
-URI symptoms may include fever, chills, myalgias, and fatigue

Question 25

carbonic acid

Answer 25

CO2 is made into carbonic acid which is almost immediately dissociated into Hydrogen and Bicarbonate ions,

Question 26

dorsal respiratory group

Answer 26

inspiratory center; contains neurons that control external intercostal muscles and the diaphragm

Question 27

ventral respiratory group

Answer 27

expiratory center; functions only during forced breathing

Question 28

minute volume

Answer 28

amount of air moved into and out of lungs per minute

Question 29

PCO2

Answer 29

-Increase PCO2 indicates increase in CO2 in blood, possible hypoventilation
-To combat this body will increase rate and depth of respirations to counter affects

Question 30

Staphylococcus

Answer 30

Bacterial infection

Question 31

Croup

Answer 31

Disease that constricts the airways, prevelent in children

Question 32

Laryngitis

Answer 32

Inflammation of the Larynx

Question 33

Visceral vs parietal plura

Answer 33

Visceral plura; lining or organ (lungs) and parietal plura is the outer layer and attaches to chest wall

Question 34

Internal Ventilation

Answer 34

Physical movement of air into respiratory tract

Question 35

External Ventilation

Answer 35

Physical movement of air out of the respiratory tract