Chapter 5 Grammar Flashcards by Tim Sexton

mi (direct object)

To me

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ti (direct object)

To you

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Le (direct object)

To you (formal)

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gli (direct object)

To him

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le (direct object)

To her

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ci (direct object)

To us

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vi (direct object)

To you (plural)

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Loro (direct object)

To you (formal)

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loro (gli) (direct object)

To them

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Indirect-object pronouns normally … a conjugated verb

Precede
Gli ho offerto un caffe
I offered him a cup of coffee

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Indirect-object pronouns normally precede a conjugated verb except for ? and ?

Loro and loro, which follow the verb

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In contemporary usage, loro is often replaced with ? which ?

gli, which precedes the verb
Quando parliamo loro?
Quando gli parliamo?
When shall we speak to them?

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Indirect object pronouns governed by an infinitive normally what the infinitive

They follow and are attached to the infinitive

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Which indirect object pronoun does not attach to the end of an infinitive?

Loro

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If an infinitive is governed by dovere, potere, or volere, a pronoun may

Be attached to the infinitive or precede the entire verb phrase
Posso parlarLe?
Le posso parlare?
May I talk to you?

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Do past participles agree with the indirect object pronoun?

No, only the direct object pronoun

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What common verbs take an indirect object where their English equivalents take a direct object

Bastare (to suffice, to last)
chiedere/domandare (to ask)
Dire (to tell)
Dispiacere (to be sorry)
Fare bene/male (to be good/bad for)
Piacere (to please)
Rispondere (to answer)
Somigliare/assomigliare/rassomigliare (to resemble, to be like)
Telefonare (to phone)
Volere bene (to love)

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With verbs like piacere the subject generally what the verb

Follows the verb

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When what is liked is expressed win an infinitive, piacere is used in …

The third person singular even if the infinitive has a plural object
Ci piace leggere
We like to read
Ci piace leggere i fumetti
We like to read comic strips

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Piacere is conjugated with what verb in compound tenses

Essere

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What other verbs function like piacere

Non piacere (to dislike, not to like)
Dispiace (to be sorry, to mind; to be bothered)
Mancare (to not have, to lack, to be short of; to miss)
Occorrere (to need)
Parere (to look, to appear)
Restare (to have … left)
Sembrare (to seem)

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Myself (reflexive pronoun)

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Yourself familiar (reflexive pronoun)

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Yourself/oneself/himself/herself

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Ourselves (reflexive pronoun)

Yourselves (reflexive pronoun)

Yourselves (formal)/ themselves (reflexive pronoun)

Reflexive pronouns precede conjugated verbs but are ... to infinitives

Attached

When a reflexive infinitive is used with dovere, potere, or volere, where does the reflexive pronoun go?

They can be attached to the infinitive or precede the entire verb phrases

When a reflexive infinitive pronoun precedes dovere, potere or volere in a compound tense what are dovere, potere and volere conjugated with

Essere

In compound tenses, all reflexive verbs are conjugated with?

Essere

When a subject performs and action on a part of his or her body what is used?

A reflexive verb

Many reflexive verbs have meanings that are

Not reflexive | Alzarsi - to get up

any verb be used reflexively to emphasize what?

the involvement of the subject in the action? Ho comprato una bicicletta - I bought myself a bicycle Mi sono comprato/a una bicicletta - I bought myself a bicycle

Non-reflexive verbs can be used in the plural with the plural reflexive pronouns ci, vi, or si to express ...

A reciprocal or mutual action: to each other, to one another

Italian often uses the reflexive form of a verb where English uses ...

To get + another word | Alzarsi - to get up

The suffixes -ino, -etto, -ello, -icello, -icino, -uccio indicated?

Smallness or affection

The suffix -one (-one/a/i/e) indicates?

Largeness

The suffix -accio (-accio/a/i/e) indicates?

Poor quality or ugliness in things

The suffix -astro (-astro/a/i/e) indicates

Poor quality or ugliness in people

The suffix -iciattolo (-iciattolo/a/i/e) indicates?

Poor quality or ugliness in things/material

The suffixes added to the end of nouns to indicated smallness, largeness, badness can also be added to ?

Adjectives | Bello - bellino: pretty, cute

Ogni (invariable always modifies singular noun)

Every

Qualche (invariable always modifies singular noun)

Some

Qualsiasi (invariable always modifies singular noun)

Any, any sort of

Qualunque (invariable always modifies singular noun)

Any, any sort of

Uno/a (used only in the singular)

One

Ognuno/a (used only in the singular)

Everyone

Qualcuno/a (used only in the singular)

Someone

Chiunque (used only in the singular)

Anyone, whoever

Qualcosa (used only in the singular)

Something

Niente, nulla (used only in the singular)

Nothing

For purposes of agreement, qualcosa, niente and nulla are considered

Masculine

When qualcosa and niente are followed by an adjective, ? precedes the adjective (always masculine)

di Abbiamo visto qualcosa di bello We saw something pretty

When qualcosa and niente are followed by an infinitive, ? precedes the infinitive

da Non ho niente da vendere I have nothing to sell

Alcuni, -e (plural only)

Some, few

Altro, -a, -i, -e

Other

Altro

Something (anything) else | Desidera altro?

Altri, -e

Others

Certo, -a, -i, -e

Certain, as is type

Ciascuno, -a (singular only)

Each, each one

Molto, -a/i/e

Much, many, a lot (of)

Nessuno, -a (singular only)

No, none, no one

Parecchio, -ia, -i, -ie

A lot (of), several

Poco, -co, -chi, -ce

Little, few

Quanto, -a/i/e

How much, how many

Tanto, -a/i/e

So much, so many

Troppo -a/i/e

To much, to many

Tutto, -a/i/e

All, whole, every

Tutto

Everything Chi ha visto tutto? Who saw everything?

Tutti, -e

Everyone Tutti amano le vacanze Everyone loves vacations

Tutto takes a ? after it when used as an adjective

An article Abbiamo lavorato tutta la settimana We have worked all (the whole) week

When are molto, poco, tanto, troppo and quanto invariable?

``` When they are used as adverbs Molto - very, quiete, awfully Poco - not so, not very, hardly Tanto - so (like cosi) Troppo - too Quanto - how (like come) ```

The partitive is expressed in english as ...

Some, any, a few

Di + definite article can mean

Some, any, a few

Qualche + a singular noun | Alcuni/e + a plural noun

Some, few | The two forms mean the same

Un poco di, un po’ di

Some, a bit of

In negative sentences the partitive is

Not expressed | Non abbiamo soldi

In interrogative sentences the partitive is ...

Frequently omitted Ci sono lettere per me? Ci sono delle letter per me?