Chapter 5 Grammar Flashcards
mi (direct object)
To me
ti (direct object)
To you
Le (direct object)
To you (formal)
gli (direct object)
To him
le (direct object)
To her
ci (direct object)
To us
vi (direct object)
To you (plural)
Loro (direct object)
To you (formal)
loro (gli) (direct object)
To them
Indirect-object pronouns normally … a conjugated verb
Precede
Gli ho offerto un caffe
I offered him a cup of coffee
Indirect-object pronouns normally precede a conjugated verb except for ? and ?
Loro and loro, which follow the verb
In contemporary usage, loro is often replaced with ? which ?
gli, which precedes the verb
Quando parliamo loro?
Quando gli parliamo?
When shall we speak to them?
Indirect object pronouns governed by an infinitive normally what the infinitive
They follow and are attached to the infinitive
Which indirect object pronoun does not attach to the end of an infinitive?
Loro
If an infinitive is governed by dovere, potere, or volere, a pronoun may
Be attached to the infinitive or precede the entire verb phrase
Posso parlarLe?
Le posso parlare?
May I talk to you?
Do past participles agree with the indirect object pronoun?
No, only the direct object pronoun
What common verbs take an indirect object where their English equivalents take a direct object
Bastare (to suffice, to last) chiedere/domandare (to ask) Dire (to tell) Dispiacere (to be sorry) Fare bene/male (to be good/bad for) Piacere (to please) Rispondere (to answer) Somigliare/assomigliare/rassomigliare (to resemble, to be like) Telefonare (to phone) Volere bene (to love)
With verbs like piacere the subject generally what the verb
Follows the verb
When what is liked is expressed win an infinitive, piacere is used in …
The third person singular even if the infinitive has a plural object Ci piace leggere We like to read Ci piace leggere i fumetti We like to read comic strips
Piacere is conjugated with what verb in compound tenses
Essere
What other verbs function like piacere
Non piacere (to dislike, not to like)
Dispiace (to be sorry, to mind; to be bothered)
Mancare (to not have, to lack, to be short of; to miss)
Occorrere (to need)
Parere (to look, to appear)
Restare (to have … left)
Sembrare (to seem)
Myself (reflexive pronoun)
mi
Yourself familiar (reflexive pronoun)
ti
Yourself/oneself/himself/herself
si
Ourselves (reflexive pronoun)
ci
Yourselves (reflexive pronoun)
vi
Yourselves (formal)/ themselves (reflexive pronoun)
si
Reflexive pronouns precede conjugated verbs but are … to infinitives
Attached
When a reflexive infinitive is used with dovere, potere, or volere, where does the reflexive pronoun go?
They can be attached to the infinitive or precede the entire verb phrases
When a reflexive infinitive pronoun precedes dovere, potere or volere in a compound tense what are dovere, potere and volere conjugated with
Essere
In compound tenses, all reflexive verbs are conjugated with?
Essere
When a subject performs and action on a part of his or her body what is used?
A reflexive verb
Many reflexive verbs have meanings that are
Not reflexive
Alzarsi - to get up
any verb be used reflexively to emphasize what?
the involvement of the subject in the action?
Ho comprato una bicicletta - I bought myself a bicycle
Mi sono comprato/a una bicicletta - I bought myself a bicycle
Non-reflexive verbs can be used in the plural with the plural reflexive pronouns ci, vi, or si to express …
A reciprocal or mutual action: to each other, to one another
Italian often uses the reflexive form of a verb where English uses …
To get + another word
Alzarsi - to get up
The suffixes -ino, -etto, -ello, -icello, -icino, -uccio indicated?
Smallness or affection
The suffix -one (-one/a/i/e) indicates?
Largeness
The suffix -accio (-accio/a/i/e) indicates?
Poor quality or ugliness in things
The suffix -astro (-astro/a/i/e) indicates
Poor quality or ugliness in people
The suffix -iciattolo (-iciattolo/a/i/e) indicates?
Poor quality or ugliness in things/material
The suffixes added to the end of nouns to indicated smallness, largeness, badness can also be added to ?
Adjectives
Bello - bellino: pretty, cute
Ogni (invariable always modifies singular noun)
Every
Qualche (invariable always modifies singular noun)
Some
Qualsiasi (invariable always modifies singular noun)
Any, any sort of
Qualunque (invariable always modifies singular noun)
Any, any sort of
Uno/a (used only in the singular)
One
Ognuno/a (used only in the singular)
Everyone
Qualcuno/a (used only in the singular)
Someone
Chiunque (used only in the singular)
Anyone, whoever
Qualcosa (used only in the singular)
Something
Niente, nulla (used only in the singular)
Nothing
For purposes of agreement, qualcosa, niente and nulla are considered
Masculine
When qualcosa and niente are followed by an adjective, ? precedes the adjective (always masculine)
di
Abbiamo visto qualcosa di bello
We saw something pretty
When qualcosa and niente are followed by an infinitive, ? precedes the infinitive
da
Non ho niente da vendere
I have nothing to sell
Alcuni, -e (plural only)
Some, few
Altro, -a, -i, -e
Other
Altro
Something (anything) else
Desidera altro?
Altri, -e
Others
Certo, -a, -i, -e
Certain, as is type
Ciascuno, -a (singular only)
Each, each one
Molto, -a/i/e
Much, many, a lot (of)
Nessuno, -a (singular only)
No, none, no one
Parecchio, -ia, -i, -ie
A lot (of), several
Poco, -co, -chi, -ce
Little, few
Quanto, -a/i/e
How much, how many
Tanto, -a/i/e
So much, so many
Troppo -a/i/e
To much, to many
Tutto, -a/i/e
All, whole, every
Tutto
Everything
Chi ha visto tutto?
Who saw everything?
Tutti, -e
Everyone
Tutti amano le vacanze
Everyone loves vacations
Tutto takes a ? after it when used as an adjective
An article
Abbiamo lavorato tutta la settimana
We have worked all (the whole) week
When are molto, poco, tanto, troppo and quanto invariable?
When they are used as adverbs Molto - very, quiete, awfully Poco - not so, not very, hardly Tanto - so (like cosi) Troppo - too Quanto - how (like come)
The partitive is expressed in english as …
Some, any, a few
Di + definite article can mean
Some, any, a few
Qualche + a singular noun
Alcuni/e + a plural noun
Some, few
The two forms mean the same
Un poco di, un po’ di
Some, a bit of
In negative sentences the partitive is
Not expressed
Non abbiamo soldi
In interrogative sentences the partitive is …
Frequently omitted
Ci sono lettere per me?
Ci sono delle letter per me?
