Chapter 13 Grammar Flashcards
Fare
to make, have get
Fare + infinito
used to form a causative construction in which the subject of the sentence does not perform the action but rather causes something to be done or causes someone else to do something
Non-causative vs causative
Non-causative
Il professore corregge gli esami.
The teacher corrects the exam
Causative
Il professore fa correggere gli esami.
The teacher has the exams corrected.
Fa corregger gli esami agli assistenti
He has the assistants correct the exams.
In the causative construction, noun objects follow
the infinitive
Fai suonare Marco
Have Marco play
In the causative construction, pronoun objects normally ? the conjugated form of fare
precede
Lo faccio suonare domani
I’ll have him play tomorrow
In the causative construction, pronoun objects ? and are ? to fare only in the infinitive, gerund, past participle and imperative (tu, voi, noi forms)
follow
are attached
Mi piace farlo suonare
I like to have him play
Facendolo suonare gli hai fatto un piacere.
By making him play, you did him a favor.
Fattolo suonare, gli hanno dato un premio.
Having made him play, they gave him a prize.
Fatelo suonare acora.
Have him play again.
If the infinitive following fare is reflexive, the reflexive pronoun is
omitted
Su, bambini, non fate arrabbiare la mamma.
Com on, children, don’t make mother get mad.
When the causative construction has one object (either a person or a thing), it is a
direct object
La mamma fa mangiare la bambina; la fa mangiare
The mother makes the child eat; she makes her eat.
Ho fatto tradurre i verbi; li ho fatti tradurre.
I had the verbs translated; I had them translated
When the causative construction has two objects (the person performing the action and a thing receiving the action), the thing is the ? and the person the ?
direct object
indirect object
La mamma fa mangiare la minestra alla bambina; le fa mangiare la minestra.
The mother makes the child eat the soup; she makes her eat the sound.
Faccio scrivere una lettera da Stefano
I have Stefano write a letter.
Farsi + infinitive is used to express
to have or get something done for oneself by someone else (usually involving parts of the body or clothing). When the person made to perform the action is expressed, da + person is used.
Farsi + infinitive is also used for expressions such as
to make or get oneself understood, heard, loved, arrested, invited, where the action performed affects the subject of the sentence.
Per farti capire da tutti,
In order to make yourself understood by everyone,
Lasciare
to let, to allow, to permit
Laciare + infinitive
used just like let + infinitive in English
Lascio uscire la mia gatta.
I let my cat go out.
La lascio uscire tre volte al giorno.
I let her go out three times a day.
In laciare + infinitive, noun objects ? the infinitive
follow
Hanno lasciato scappare il prigioniero
They let the prisoner escape.
In laciare + infinitive, pronoun objects ?
normally precede the conjugated form of lasciare
L’anno lasciato scappare.
They let him escape.
In laciare + infinitive, pronoun objects ? only in the infinitive, gerund, past participle and imperative (tu, voi, noi forms)
follow and are attached to lasciare
Non dovevate lasciarlo scappare.
You were not supposed to let him escape
Lasciandolo scappare, mi avete messo nei guai.
By letting him escape, you got me in trouble.
Lasciatolo scappare, sono disperato.
Having let him escape, I am desperate.
Lasciatemi in pace.
Leave me alone.
In laciare + infinitive, if the infinitive is reflexive, the reflexive pronoun is
omitted
Lui vuole alzarsi, ma il dottore non lo lascia alzare.
He wants to get up, but the doctor won’t let him get up.
Lasciare + infinitive is the equivalent of
permettere di + infinitive
Lasciare + direct object + infinitive
Lasciatela parlare.
Let her speak.
permettere + indirect object + di + infinitive
Permettetele di parlare.
Allow her to speak.
Laciare and permetter may also be followed by
che + subjunctive
Laciate che parli.
Let her speak.
Permettete che parli.
Allow her to speak.
The most common verbs of perception in Italian
vedere (to see) sentire (to hear) guardare (to look at, to watch) udire (to hear) osservare ( to observe, to watch) ascoltare ( to listen, listen to)
Verbs of perception my be followed ? by the infinitive of another verb
directly
Guardo passare il treno.
I watch the train go by.
Ho visto piangere Anna.
I saw Anna cry (crying).
With verbs of perception + infinitive, noun objects ?
follow the infinitive
Hai sentito piangere i bambini?
Did you hear the children cry?
With verbs of perception + infinitive, pronoun objects ?
precede the conjugated for of the verb of perception
Si, li ho sentiti piangere.
Yes, I heard them crying.
With verbs of perception + infinitive, pronoun objects ? the verb of perception in the infinitive, gerund, past participle or imperative (tu, voi, noi forms)
follow and are attached to
Non mi piace sentirli piangere.
I don’t like to hear them cry.
Sentendoli piangere, vado a consolarli.
Hearing them cry, I go to console them.
Sentitoli piangere, ho chiamato la loro mamma.
Having hear them cry, I called their mother
Sentitili piangere? Perché non vai da loro?
With verbs of perception + infinitive, if the infinitive has an object of its own, the noun object is placed ?, the object of the infinitive ?
placed between the verb and the infinitive
follows it
Osserviamo i contadini lavorare la terra.
We watch farmers till the soil
Ho sentito Luciano parlare di Susanna
I heard Luciano talk about Susan.
With verbs of perception + infinitive, what may replace the infinitive ?
relative clause with che + indicative
relative clause with mentre + indicative
Ho sentito Luciano cantare una canzone (che cantava una canzone)
Li vedo, uscire di casa (mentre escono di casa) ogni mattina
Sentire, in addition to to hear, can mean
to feel or to smell
Sento un dolore allo stomaco
I feel a pain in my stomach
Anche tu senti un cattivo odore?
Do you smell something bad too?
VIII secolo
l’ottavo secolo
XII secolo
il dodicesimo secolo
XIII secolo (1201-1300)
il tredicesimo
