Chapter 4 Grammar

Question 1

Which past tense is a narrative tense used to report a specific action that was completed in the past?

Answer 1

Passato prossimo

Question 2

Which past tense is a descriptive tense used to describe how things were in the past?

Answer 2

Imperfetto

Question 3

The passato prossimo answers the question …

Answer 3

What happened?

Question 4

The imperfetto answers the questions …

Answer 4

What was it like? What used to happen? What was happening?

Question 5

What tense describes states of being (physical, mental, and emotional) in the past that have no specific beginning

Answer 5

Imperfetto

Question 6

What tense expresses the onset of a state of being at a definite time in the past

Answer 6

Passato prossimo

Question 7

What tense expresses an action that was going on while something else was going one (imperfetto) or when something else happened (passato prossimo)

Answer 7

Imperfetto

Question 8

The verbs most often used in the imperfetto are …

Answer 8

Avere and essere, and verbs indicating mental states like amare, credere, desiderare, pensare, potere, ricordare, sapere, sperare, volere, …

Question 9

Can verbs have different meaning if they are in the imperfetto or the passato prossimo

Answer 9

Yes: Conoscevo - I knew; Ho conosciuto - I met

Sapevo - I knew; Ho saputo- I found out

Question 10

The imperfetto of the verbs dovere, potere, and volere leaves uncertain what?

Answer 10

If an action one was supposed to do, was capable of doing, or was willing to do was carried out:
Dovevamo - we were supposed to; Abbiamo dovuto - we had to
Potevano - they could (had the ability); Hanno potuto - they could (managed to)
Volevano - they wanted; Hanno voluto - they insisted

Question 11

Which tense sets the scene and provides the background

Answer 11

Imperfetto

Question 12

Which tense advances the plot

Answer 12

Passato prossimo

Question 13

If a main action is expressed in the passato prossimo, in what tense is a circumstance accompanying the verbs action expressed

Answer 13

Imperfetto

Question 14

What tense expresses the habitual nature of an action

Answer 14

Imperfetto

Question 15

Me (direct object)

Answer 15

mi

Question 16

You - informal (direct object)

Answer 16

tu

Question 17

You - formal (direct object)

Answer 17

La

Question 18

Him, it - informal (direct object)

Answer 18

lo

Question 19

Her, it (f) (direct object)

Answer 19

la

Question 20

Us (direct object)

Answer 20

ci

Question 21

You - plural informal (direct object)

Answer 21

vi

Question 22

You - plural formal (direct object)

Answer 22

Li, Le

Question 23

Them (m) (direct object)

Answer 23

li

Question 24

them (f) (direct object)

Answer 24

le

Question 25

Where does an Italian direct object usually go?

Answer 25

Before the conjugated verb

Question 26

Which direct objects are elided before a verb with a vowel (except for è) and the forms of avere starting with “h”

Answer 26

Lo and la (sometimes mi, it ci, vi)

Question 27

Which direct object are never elided before a verb?

Answer 27

The plural forms li, le, Li, and Le

Question 28

Direct object pronouns governed by an infinitive are placed where?

Answer 28

Attached to the end of the infinitive (the final “e” of the infinitive is dropped)

Question 29

If a direct object is governed by the infinitive forms of dovere, potere or volere where is it placed

Answer 29

It may be attached to the infinitive or placed before the entire verb phrase

Question 30

What does Ecco do?

Answer 30

It points out or draws attention to people, places or things (here is, here are, there is, there are)

Question 31

What form of pronoun is used with Ecco

Answer 31

A direct object which is attached to the end of Ecco: Eccomi - here I am, Eccoti - here you are

Question 32

What Italian verbs take a direct object where the English equivalent takes a preposition + object?

Answer 32

``` Ascoltare (to listen to) Chiedere (to ask for) Pagare (to pay for) Aspettare (to wait for) Cercare (to look for) Guardare (to look at) ```

Question 33

What pronoun is used with credere, pensare, sperare, sapere, dire, and chiedere to express the previously mentioned topic

Answer 33

lo

Question 34

With some verbs, lo, when referring to a previously mentioned topic, can be replaced with ...

Answer 34

``` di si (in the affirmative) Credo di si di no (in the negative) Credo di no ```

Question 35

When does the past particle of a verb conjugated with avere correspond in gender and number?

Answer 35

When a third person direct object (lo, la, li, le) precedes the verb. No, non le ho aperte- No, I did not open them

Question 36

In a negative sentence what must go before the verb?

Answer 36

Non

Question 37

In a negative sentence what is the only thing allowed between non and the verb

Answer 37

Object pronouns

Question 38

Non ‘verb’ affatto

Answer 38

Not at all ‘verb’

Question 39

Non ‘verb’ ancora

Answer 39

Not yet ‘verb’ (the affirmative counterpart is già, already)

Question 40

Non ‘verb’ che

Answer 40

Only verb

Question 41

Non ‘verb’ mai

Answer 41

Never ‘verb’

Question 42

Non ‘verb’ mica

Answer 42

Not al all, not in the least, not really ‘verb’

Question 43

Non ‘verb’ nè ‘verb’ nè

Answer 43

Neither ‘verb’ nor ‘verb’

Question 44

Non ‘verb’ neanche

Answer 44

Not ‘verb’ even

Question 45

Non ‘verb’ neppure

Answer 45

Not ‘verb’ even

Question 46

Non ‘verb’ nemmeno

Answer 46

Non ‘verb’ even

Question 47

Non ‘verb’ nessuno (pronoun)

Answer 47

Nobody, no one, not anybody ‘verb’

Question 48

Non ‘verb’ nessuno/a (adjective)

Answer 48

No, not...any, not a single adjective ‘verb’

Question 49

Non ‘verb’ niente

Answer 49

Nothing, not ‘verb’ anything

Question 50

Non ‘verb’ più

Answer 50

No longer, no more, not ‘verb’ again (the affirmative counterpart is ancora, still)

Question 51

Niente, nulla, nessuno can be used in a question without non to mean?

Answer 51

Anything or anyone

Question 52

To express not ‘verb’ any with a plural noun use either non with the plural noun or non with a singular noun and ...

Answer 52

Nessuno/a

Question 53

My/mine singular | My/mine plural

Answer 53

Il mio, la mia | I miei, le mie

Question 54

Your/yours singular | You/yours plural

Answer 54

Il tuo, la tua | I tuoi, le tue

Question 55

Your/yours formal singular | Your/yours formal plural

Answer 55

Il Suo, la Sua | I Suoi, le Sue

Question 56

His/hers/it singular | His/hers/it plural

Answer 56

il suo, la sua | i suoi, le sue

Question 57

Our/ours singular | Our/ours plural

Answer 57

il nostro, la nostra | i nostri, le nostre

Question 58

Your/yours singular | Your/yours plural

Answer 58

il vostro, la vostra | i vostri, le vostre

Question 59

Your/yours formal singular | Your/yours formal plural

Answer 59

il Loro, la Loro | i Loro, le Loro

Question 60

Their/theirs singular | Their/theirs plural

Answer 60

il loro, la loro | i loro, le loro

Question 61

Possessive adjectives what the noun they modify?

Answer 61

The precede it and agree in gender and number

Question 62

What phrases can be used to clarify possession?

Answer 62

``` di lui (of him) di lei (of her) ```

Question 63

How is of mine, of yours expressed?

Answer 63

With the possessive adjective before the noun without the definite article: un mio amico - a friend of mine due miei cugini- two cousins of mine

Question 64

When a possessive form is preceded by a preposition, the article does what?

Answer 64

Combines with the preposition: dalle tue finestre- from your windows Nei suoi occhi - in his eyes

Question 65

In impersonal expressions, what is used to express one’s or one’s own?

Answer 65

Proprio (il proprio, la proprio, i propri, le proprio): | I propri errori- one’s mistakes

Question 66

The possessive adjective is used without the definite article in nouns expressing family relationships in the ? but not the ?

Answer 66

Singular but not the plural Tuo cugino, i tuoi cugini However, it is always il loro, i loro

Question 67

If a noun expressing a family relationship is modified by an adjective what happens?

Answer 67

The definite article is retained: mio marito il mio futuro marito

Question 68

Possessive pronouns have what form?

Answer 68

The same form as possessive adjectives: la mia - mine i nostri - ours

Question 69

The masculine plural forms i miei, i tuoi, i suoi, etc are used when referring to ...

Answer 69

Relatives Tanti saluti ain’t tuoi - best regards to your family Arrivano i nostri - here come our friends

Question 70

When a possessive pronoun is used after a form of essere and the sentence expresses passion, what is usually omitted?

Answer 70

The definite article: È sua quella machina? Is that your car?

Question 71

When possession is obvious what happens to the possessive adjective?

Answer 71

It is omitted | Hai cambiato idea? You have changed your mind

Question 72

With a plural subject, each of whom possesses only on the the same item how is possession expressed

Answer 72

With the singular form of the thing possessed: Abbiamo alzato la voce We raised our voices

Question 73

When expressing ownership of a similar or same item by two people use what phrase before the second person?

Answer 73

quello di (that of) Il mio Libra e quello di Maria My book and Maria’s

Question 74

What phrases are used to express “at someones place”?

Answer 74

da + a person’s name: da Luigi - at Luigi’s | a/in casa di + a person’s name for someone’s residence: in casa di Roberto (da Roberto)