Chapter 3 Grammar Flashcards
Past participle of -are verbs?
-ato
Past participle of -ere verbs?
-uto
Past participle of -ire verbs
-ito
For verbs conjugated with avere, the past particle only changes when
The verb is preceded by a direct object
For verbs conjugated with essere, the past participle changes how?
To agree in gender and number
Intransitive verbs are mostly?
Verbs of motion and being
Essere is used to conjugate what verbs in the passato prossimo?
Intransitive verbs
Reflexive verbs
Reciprocal verbs
Passato prossimo is used to report?
An action completed or a event or fact that took place in the past
Some verbs of movement take avere except when?
When a point of departure or arrival are mentioned
Some weather expressions take ? with in passato prossimo
Either essere or avere
Some verbs can use either essere or avere depending on what?
Depending on if the verb is used transitively (avere) or intransitively (essere). Sometimes the meaning changes between the two
When used alone (not followed by an infinitive), dovere, potere and volere require what in the passato prossimo
Avere
When followed by an infinitive, the verbs dovere, potere and volere require either essere or avere in the passato prossimo depending upon?
Depending upon the verb in the infinitive requires essere or avere (becoming more frequent to use avere regardless)
If dovere, potere or volere accompanies a reflexive verb where does the reflexive pronoun go?
If conjugated with essere, it precedes the conjugated for of essere
If conjugated with avere, it attaches to the end of the reflexive verb
Definite singular article before masculine and feminine nouns starting with a consonant
M: il
F: la
Definite singular article before masculine and feminine nouns starting with an s +consonant, z and ps
M: lo
F: la
Definite singular article before masculine and feminine nouns starting with a vowel
M: l’
F: l’
Definite plural article before masculine and feminine nouns starting with a consonant
M: i
F: le
Definite plural article before masculine and feminine nouns starting with an s+consonant, z , or ps
M: gli
F: le
Definite plural article before masculine and feminine nouns starting with a vowel
M:gli
F: le
Bello and quello singular before masculine and feminine nouns starting with a consonant
M: bel/quel
F: bella/quella
Bello and quello singular before masculine and feminine nouns starting with an s+ consonant, z or ps
M:bello/quello
F: bella/quella
Bello and quello singular before masculine and feminine nouns starting with a vowel
M:bell’/quell’
F:bell’/quell’
Bello and quello plural before masculine and feminine nouns starting with consonant
M:bei/quei
F:belle/quelle
Bello and quello plural before masculine and feminine nouns starting an s+consonant, z or ps
M:begli/quegli
F:belle/quelle
Bello and quello plural before masculine and feminine nouns starting with a vowel
M:begli/quegli
F:belle/quelle
When bello follows the noun it modifies directly or after verb it follows what pattern
M: bello/belli
F:bella/belle
When quello is used as a pronoun, it follows what pattern
M:quello/quelli
F:quella/quelle
Verbs ending in -scere and -cere have past participles ending with
-iuto
With geographical names Italian uses
Definite article (is omitted after in if term is unmodified, feminine, and singular)
How do you say a regular weekly occurrence on a given day
Use the definite article with the day of the week
With proper names preceded by a title you use
The definite article (omitted if speaking directly to the person)
Before names of languages you use
The definite article unless they are preceded by di or in
Before nouns used as generalities or categories you use
The definite article
Instead of the possessive, what do you use when referring to part of the body, articles of clothing, or personal effects
Definite article
After the verb avere with nouns that describe a person physically you use
The definite article
A + definite article (eg, al)
Every or per
