Chapter 5: Economic Development Flashcards
1
Q
What was the population of England at this time?
A
- 2.2 million
2
Q
What percentage of the population lived in rural areas?
A
- 90%
3
Q
What were some big towns and their populations?
A
- London –> 50,000
- Norwich, Bristol, York, Coventry ~ 10,000
4
Q
What was mixed farming and where was it most popular?
A
- Crops and animals
- South and East
5
Q
What is pastoral farming and where did it occur?
A
- Animals only
- North and West
6
Q
What product was agriculture moving to and why?
A
- Moving to sheep farming
- Unreliable harvests, wool trade was more profitable
- Increased wool demand for export
7
Q
What farming method was used by the peasants?
A
- Open field husbandry
- Peasants farmed open strips of land
- Had common rights -> rights of tenants to use common land for farming
8
Q
What new programme threatened peasant farming?
A
- Enclosure
- Nobility / gentry fenced off sections of land for private farming
9
Q
What positive outcomes did enclosure have?
A
- More efficient farming
- Increased exports and trade
- More products for an ever increasing population
- Increased profit for nobility and gentry
10
Q
What negative outcomes were there of enclosure?
A
- Peasants lost access to land and income
- Lack of food - starvation
- Discontent
- Vagrancy increased
11
Q
What did Henry VII do to combat enclosure?
A
- Anti-enclosure acts
- First in 1489
- Scared of rebellion and social instability
12
Q
What percentage of English exports did cloth take up?
A
- 90% at the end of the 1400s
13
Q
What did the booming cloth trade do?
A
- Provided new jobs - spinning, weaving etc
- Used east coast merchants - Boston, Lynn, Yarmouth
- Finished cloth had an increase in demand - helped trade exports towns
14
Q
Who were the merchants of the Staple?
A
- Controlled wool exports in Calais
15
Q
Who were the Merchant Adventurers?
A
- In London
- Often exported from London to Antwerp
