Chapter 15: Mary I and her Ministers Flashcards
Royal authority, government, foreign policy, succession
1
Q
What years did Mary reign between?
A
1553-8
2
Q
How did Mary take the throne?
A
- Following of around 15,000 men - catholic supporters and those who wanted to follow succession
- Rides to London
3
Q
For what reasons were people loyal to Mary?
A
- True tudor
- Follows the will of Henry VIII
- Jane deviates from the line - are following the law
- Want or don’t care about catholicism - protestantism still a minority faith
4
Q
What problems were there in Mary’s government?
A
- Religious division - was a catholic in a previously protestant country
- Large number privy councillors —> Catholic nobles, churchmen (Bishop Gardiner), moderates (Paget) - factional rivalry
5
Q
What were positives to Mary’s government?
A
- Had experienced officials
6
Q
Who else did Mary come to rely on?
A
- Renard - ambassador to Charles V and later Philip
- Cardinal Pole - Archbishop of Canterbury 1556
7
Q
What things did Parliament go against Mary on?
A
- Ex monastic land being returned to the crown
- Large minority opposed the reversal of Edward’s religious reform
- Defeated 1555 bill to seize property of exiled protestants
- Opposition to issue of succession
8
Q
What were Mary’s foreign policy aims?
A
- Restore papal supremacy
- Marry Philip
9
Q
How did Mary end up at war?
A
- Anti Spanish pope elected 1555 causing war between France and Spain
- Mary decided to help Spain causing her to fight against the Pope
10
Q
What were successes in Mary’s foreign policy?
A
- Help successful siege of St Quentin
- Dealt with minor incursion into England by Scotland
11
Q
What were failures of Mary’s foreign policy?
A
- Loss of Calais 1558 - emotional loss but in reality not used for trade anymore and had become a financial drain
12
Q
How old was Mary when she came to the throne?
A
37
13
Q
Who were Mary’s options to marry?
A
- Gardiner suggested Courtenay (Earl of Devon) but marriage to an Englishman would cause factional rivalry
- Mary preferred Philip although the English didn’t want a foreign king - he was also catholic
14
Q
What were the terms of the marriage treaty?
A
- Philip got title of King but no power
- Foreigners forbidden from holding English offices
- England wasn’t forced to be involved in Spanish wars
- Philip had no claim to the throne if Mary died first
15
Q
How did the marriage alliance fail?
A
- Philip finds England unwelcoming and doesn’t like Mary - spends as little time as possible
- 1554 Parliament reject a bill to include Philip with Mary in a proposed treason law
- 1555 Parliament prevent Philip having a coronation
16
Q
How was the succession a problem?
A
- In Henry VIII’s will - if Mary dies childless then Elizabeth is next in line
- She is protestant so will reverse the catholic change
- Hated Elizabeth because she was the reason for her parents divorce - sees her as illegitimate
17
Q
How was Elizabeth dealt with during Mary’s reign?
A
- Imprisoned in the tower after Wyatt’s rebellion but no proof of her involvement
- Was released
18
Q
What was Mary forced to do about the succession?
A
- Finally named Elizabeth as her successor on 6 Nov 1558 - 11 days before her death
