Chapter 12: Religion, Ideas and Reform

Question 1

How was there corruption in the catholic church?

Answer 1

• Pluralism
• Simony
• Non-residence
• Used by the crown
• Criticised for not doing their job properly and just being in it for the money

Question 2

How did anticlericalism impact the church?

Answer 2

• Cromwell boosted it in Parliament
• It opposed political importance of the clergy

Question 3

What was the impact of the decline of monasticism?

Answer 3

• Seen with suspicion due to land and money
• Some ran more like businesses
• Started to be dissolved by Wolsey in 1520s
• Seen as outdated and lost direction

Question 4

How did Henry himself attack the church?

Answer 4

• Persecuted those who opposed change
• Supported reformers
• 1529+ encouraged criticism of Pope and clergy
• Used propaganda to promote reformation

Question 5

How did Anne Boleyn and Catherine Parr impact the church?

Answer 5

• Anne –> encouraged the appointment of reformers to powerful positions, supported bible in English
• Helped Cranmer become Archbishop of Canterbury in 1532
• Catherine –> gathered reform scholars at court, managed the protestant education of Edward and Elizabeth

Question 6

How was Protestantism growing in Europe?

Answer 6

• Luther’s reforms gained influence in government
• Preachers (e.g. Robert Barnes) spread protestant ideas in London
• Protestantism helped by marriage of Henry and Jane

Question 7

Act of Supremacy

Answer 7

• 1534
• Henry became the Supreme head of the church

Question 8

Act of 10 Articles

Answer 8

• 1536
• Only 3 sacraments needed (baptism, penance, eucharist)
• Yes to confession
• No to praying to saints for forgiveness
• Yes to praying to saints for other things

Question 9

Dissolution of the monasteries

Answer 9

• 1536 - 40
• Smaller monasteries first
• By 1540 - all gone

Question 10

Bishop’s Book

Answer 10

• 1537
• Committee of bishops led by Cranmer
• Restored the other 4 sacraments
• They had a lower status

Question 11

Injunctions

Answer 11

• 1538
• Each Parish church must have a bible in English
• Pilgrimages and veneration of saints condemned

Question 12

Act of 6 Articles

Answer 12

• 1539
• Confirmed transubstantiation, private masses, confession
• Banned marriage of priests
• Punished those who went against the act e.g. denying transubstantiation = burning with no appeal

Question 13

King’s Book

Answer 13

• 1543
• Written by Henry himself
• Defended transubstantiation and 6 articles
• Encouraged preaching
• Criticised use of images

Question 14

Act for the Advancement of True Religion

Answer 14

• 1543
• Restricted bible reading to upper class males

Question 15

English ‘litany’ introduced

Answer 15

• 1544
• Replaced the Latin one
• Weren’t forced to use it

Question 16

How did Thomas More oppose reform?

Answer 16

• Was overheard saying he didn’t accept Henry as head of the church
• Used passive resistance to oppose
• Was imprisoned and executed for treason

Question 17

What were the Aragonese faction and what did they do?

Answer 17

• People who supported Catherine of Aragon
• Wanted Mary to be the heir
• Supported the pilgrimage of grace
• Were silenced by Cromwell and Anne Boleyn

Question 18

Who was Elizabeth Barton and what did she do?

Answer 18

• Nun of Kent
• Had a vision that the king would die if he got his divorce
• Sent letters to try to make a resistance movement
• Arrested September 1533 - confessed her visions were fake - executed

Question 19

What was monastic resistance?

Answer 19

• Preached against divorce and supremacy
• London monks of Carthusian wouldn’t accept the divorce –> 1534 resisted government to agree against the authority of the pope
• After treason act - forced to submit - opposers arrested and 18 executed

Question 20

What did the Bishop of Rochester do?

Answer 20

• John Fisher
• Believed Henry’s actions against Catherine were wrong - told Henry
• Refused to accept the divorce
• Imprisoned, accused of treason, executed

Question 21

How did education change?

Answer 21

• John Colet founded St Paul’s school –> humanist head, curriculum and principles, used works by Erasmus
• St Paul’s and Magdalen at Oxford - educational reform
• Wolsey funded a college in Ipswich - hometown

Question 22

How did Henry help promote renaissance influences in writing?

Answer 22

• Needed well educated diplomats
• Saw himself as a promoter of new ideas

Question 23

Why else did renaissance influence writing?

Answer 23

• Increase in classical learning by elites
• Increased number of schools influenced by humansim

Question 24

Examples of humanist writers (3)`

Answer 24

• Thomas More
• Thomas Lupset
• Thomas Starkey

Question 25

How was sculpture influenced by the renaissance?

Answer 25

• Henry commissioned the tomb of his parents and grandmother from an Italian artist
• Gothic did remain the main culture form

Question 26

How was painting influenced?

Answer 26

• Northern renaissance painters - Hans Holbein, Lucan Horenbout
• Less change than it seems - northern - less ‘true renaissance’

Question 27

How did architecture change?

Answer 27

• Continued gothic taste by Henry - lack of change
• Renaissance style shown by Hampton Court

Question 28

What influenced music?

Answer 28

• Wolsey and Henry were patrons of music
• Henry - amateur composer

Question 29

Why were things mostly influenced by the northern renaissance?

Answer 29

• Mirrored the close commercial ties of England and the low countries