Chapter 16: The Social Impact of Religious and Economic Changes under Mary I Flashcards
Religious change, economic change, rebellion, intellectual developments
What religious change was made at the very beginning of Mary’s reign?
- Prominent protestant clergy including 7 bishops deprived of livings
- Foreign protestants ordered to leave the country
- 80 MPs voted against religious change
What was the 1st Act of Repeal?
- 1553
- Repealed religious laws from Edward
- Priests who were married deprived of livings
- Church restored to 1547 state
- 6 articles restored
What religious change happened in 1554?
- Repealed Henrician act of attainder
- Issue of monastic lands (in 3rd Parliament) - property rights for ex monastic land protected
What was the problem with the new pope and when did he appear?
- Pope Paul IV - 1555
- Suspicious of Philip
- Saw Pole as a heretic
- Mary ended up fighting the papacy and slowing reforms
What happened with the burning of heretics?
- 1555+
- Around 280 protestants burnt at stake in mainly the south east and East Anglia
- Showed protestantism was more widespread that’s previously thought
- Bishops Ridley, Hooper and Latimer executed
- Increases Mary’s unpopularity
What was the 2nd Act of Repeal?
- 1555
- Finalised reforms - took England back to pre 1530s
- Ended royal supremacy
- Repealed ant papal legislation from Henry VIII
What was Pole’s Legatine Synod?
- 1555-6
- Pastoral improvements in parishes
- More seminaries, bishops to carefully oversee their parishes
- Would have had a larger impact but Mary died
- Only north-west and Durham responded well
What was the impact of the burning of Cranmer?
- 1556
- Large audience - he refused to recant his faith
- Put god before the monarch and became a true martyr
- Figurehead for protestants
What were current long term economic problems on England?
- Increased population
- Low productivity increase caused inflation
What were current medium term economic problems in England?
- Debasement caused worse inflation
What were current short economic problems in England?
- Bad harvests 1555+6
- Sweating sickness 1557+8
- Taxation for French war
What economic change was made to do with currency?
- 1556-8
- Recoinage plans
- Carried out by Elizabeth
What economic change was made to do with the poor?
- 1555
- Poor law act (extended the 1552 one)
- Licensed beggars had badges to encourage parishioners to donate
What economic change was made to do with industry?
- Encourage conversion of pasture land to crop farming
- Movement of industry towns to countryside discouraged to reduce urban unemployment
What economic change was made to do with the military?
- Reorganised the navy
- 6 new ships built - others repaired
When was Wyatt’s rebellion?
1554
What were the causes of Wyatt’s rebellion?
- The Spanish marriage
- Catholic revival
- Socioeconomic grievances (decline in cloth industry)
What was the aim of Wyatt’s rebellion?
- To replace Mary with either Elizabeth or Lady Jane
- Jane’s father involved
What were the events of Wyatt’s rebellion?
- 4 simultaneous risings —> Devon (Courtenay), Hertfordshire, Leicestershire, Kent
- Kent and Wyatt the most serious - 3000 men
- Try to move to London - repelled
How was Wyatt’s rebellion stopped?
- Stopped at London
- Forced to surrender within a month
What was the outcome of Wyatt’s rebellion?
- Showed extent of hostility to the marriage
- Protestantism could not be ignored
- Caused the execution of Jane Grey
- Elizabeth in the tower - released as proved she was not involved
What was the impact of catholicism on intellectual development?
- Reintroduction of catholicism weakened humanism
- Pope Paul IV saw Erasmus as a heretic
- Banned catholics from reading his books
How was faith promoted in literature?
- Religious thought centred catholic reform at parish level
- Bishop of London - A profitable and necessary doctrine - explained faith straightforwardly and new book of homilies
How were protestants intellectual thought divided?
- Exiled protestants divided
- Some happy with 1552 prayer book and existing structured
- Others (e.g. Knox) more radical
