Chapter 23: Religious Developments and the ‘Golden Age’ of Elizabethan England Flashcards
Protestants, catholics, division, culture
How did people accept the religious settlement?
- Majority supported royal supremacy
- Broad acceptance
- Accept changes - loss of church statuary and plate, plain altars
- Rural areas more conservative
What are recusants?
- Catholics who paid fines instead of attending anglican services
Who are puritans?
- Opposed to all catholic practices
Who were presbyterians?
- Calvinist group
- Want to remove bishops
Who were separatists?
- Wanted faster and further religious reform
What was the Vestiarian controversy?
- 1565-7
- Against catholic dress
- Saw it as superstitious
What was passed to address the vestiarian controversy?
- 1566 Advertisements
- Made vestements compulsory
How did the vestiarian controversy end?
- Angered puritans especially in London
- 37 clergy in London removed from posts for refusing
What was the prophesying movement?
- Organised gatherings of radical clergymen who taught unlicensed preachers
How was the prophesying movement dealt with?
- Grindal (Archbishop of Canterbury) ordered by queen to stop them
- Refused - didn’t see the harm
- Was put under house arrest
What did the presbyterians aim to do (book).
- 1572 John Field’s admonitions
- Attack book of common prayer
- Called for abolition of bishops
- Wanted a presbyterian system of church government
What did the presbyterians object?
- 1583 Whitgift’s 3 articles
- Acknowledgment of the royal supremacy
- Acceptance of the book of common prayer
- Acceptance of the 39 articles
What did the presbyterians propose to parliament and what was the impact?
- 1584+7 bills proposed to replace book of common prayer with one with all popish elements removed
- Rejected
- Late 1580s - decline in presbyterianism as they saw reform was unlikely
What did the separatists want?
- Want to separate from the church entirely creating church congregations independent of the queen
What was done against the separatists?
- 1593 act against seditious sectaries
- Arrested separatists, leaders of the london movement tried and executed for circulating seditious books
Why did puritanism decline?
- 1580s
- Deaths of Leicester, Mildmay, Walsingham - supporters in court
- Defeat of armada reduced perceived catholic threat
- Presbyterianism disappeared so puritan views more acceptable
- 1559 Book of common prayer accepted by both as an acceptable form of worship
How were catholics treated at the start?
- Initially tolerated
BUT - Must pay fines for not attending anglican services
- All catholic bishops refused the oath of supremacy
- Catholic intellectuals went into exile
- Some priests served privately for catholic nobles
How did the catholic ‘threat’ develop?
- 1571- after excommunication publishing papal bulls was treason
- 1575-85 - Priests trained abroad and spread catholicism
- 1580 - jesuits arrived
What acts were passed against catholics?
- 1581 - act to retain the queens majesty’s subjects in their due obedience —> Non allegiance is treason, catholic mass punished with fines and prison, non attendance fine is £20 a month
- 1585 - treason for catholic priests to enter england
What was art like?
- portraits
- miniatures
What was architecture like?
- country house building
What was music like?
- Popular - instrumental, bands in towns, drinking songs
- Secular - in court, madrigals
- Religious - preserved, also composed secretly for catholic patrons
What was literature like?
- Drama - Shakespeare, Marlowe, also in court, companies supported by courtiers
- Prose and poetry - less widely read, aims to modernise English and sonnets revived
What was education like?
- 30 grammar schools established
- Increase in young nobles attending Oxford and Cambridge for cultural educations
