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History - Tudors > Chapter 10: English Society in the Reign of Henry VIII > Flashcards

Chapter 10: English Society in the Reign of Henry VIII Flashcards

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1
Q

What happened to the number of nobles?

A
  • Increased
  • 9 new by end
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2
Q

How could becoming a noble be achieved at this time? - give examples

A
  • Family ties - Edward Seymour = Earl of Hertford
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3
Q

What was up with Dukes?

A
  • Only one at start of reign - Buckingham - disliked
  • Norfolk and Suffolk promoted to dukes
  • Norfolk got position his father had had
  • Suffolk moved up due to friendship with king
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4
Q

How were these nobles used?

A
  • Given property to help extend authority of monarch
  • Suffolk given land in Lincolnshire to after Pilgrimage of Grace
  • John, Baron Russel given land in Devon to extend authority after execution of the Marquess of Exeter
  • Used to raise armies - Earl of Shrewsbury raised 4000+ men for war with France 1513
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5
Q

How did Henry make examples to prevent things like Bastard feudalism?

A
  • Thomas Fiennes, Baron Dacre of the South
  • Tried and convicted of the murder of a neighbour’s servant
  • Hung like a common criminal
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6
Q

What other nobles fell to tightened treason restrictions?

A
  • Duke of Buckingham - vague charges - 1521
  • Relatives to king - Henry Pole Baron Montague, Henry Courtenay Marquess of Exeter - conspiracy - 1538
  • Lord Darcey and Hussey executed for roles in uprising 1536
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7
Q

What are some statistics of the gentry?

A
  • 1540 - 5000 ish gentry families
  • 1524 - 200 knightly families
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8
Q

How were the gentry used?

A
  • Used as JPs - number increased
  • Pulled them into unpaid administrative roles - inc loyalty as they wanted to gain royal favour - reduced reliance in nobility
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9
Q

How did education tendencies change for the gentry?

A
  • Families favoured a legal education as this was more in need at court - moving away from clergy especially and nobility
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10
Q

How did lives for the commoners change?

A
  • Little change in first half of reign
  • Then increased inflation, drop in real income
  • Small outbreaks of disorder
  • Impacted by dissolution of monasteries - less education and healthcare available
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11
Q

What was Wales like before?

A
  • Separate territory
  • In practice under English control
  • Had no unified administration or proper political link to England
  • Made of border lordships and the Principality of Wales
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12
Q

What changed for Wales?

A
  • 1536 Wales Act
  • Divided into counties with MPs - direct representation in government
  • Gave them the same legal structure as England
  • More emphasis on English - government and politics in English - Welsh declined - limited to lower classes
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13
Q

What happened to the Anglo-Welsh border?

A
  • Bordering counties became the council of Wales
  • Nobles and gentry helped in its control - e.g. Pembroke
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14
Q

What were the Palatines?

A
  • Lancashire, Cheshire, Durham
  • Were separate from the crown
  • Durham was most separate - jurisdiction came from the bishop
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15
Q

How was control changed in the Palatines?

A
  • 1536 Act resuming liberties to the crown
  • Lancashire and Cheshire cam back under royal rule
  • Bishop’s power decreased but still remained - e.g. Palatine court of chancery remained
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16
Q

Why was the north a problem?

A
  • In Yorkist heartland, geographically far away
  • Posed threats at times e.g. Pilgrimage of Grace
17
Q

What was done to change this northern threat?

A
  • Re-established the Council of the North
  • Was a permanent body, based in York, professional staff
  • Administrative and legal functions
  • Proved itself by keeping the North quiet in rebellions of 1549
18
Q

Why was the Anglo-Scottish border hard to control?

A
  • Was remote
  • Frequent border raids and smuggling operations
  • Cattle and sheep rustling
19
Q

How did Henry try to control the Scottish border?

A
  • Split the border into 3 sections each with a warden
  • Didn’t want to put in nobles as wardens as they could easily exploit their title and gain too much power
  • Used gentry instead (e.g. Thomas Lord Wharton 1542)
  • People who lived on the border were more loyal to the nobility so this didn’t work
20
Q

What were social impacts of religious change? (4 things)

A
  • Land taken from church and given to crown - then sold for war which increased the land of the gentry - 2/3 monastic land gone by 1547
  • Lost monastic schools - lower classes lost access to education
  • Employment from monasteries lost and business opportunities
  • Monks and nuns became unemployed - some monks became secular priests
  • Traditional catholic practices were attacked
  • Power of king changed - gained land but also excommunicated
21
Q

What was the first uprising of Henry VIII’s reign?

A
  • 1525
  • Resistance to taxation of Amicable Grant
  • A tax to raise money for a French war
22
Q

What happened in this first uprising?

A
  • Widespread unrest about taxation
  • Especially in - Essex 1000 at border, Norfolk & Suffolk 4000 refusers
  • Unemployed cloth workers couldn’t afford it
23
Q

How was this first rebellion dealt with?

A
  • Dukes behaved sensitively
  • Wolsey publicly begged to pardon them
  • Treated leaders leniently
  • This limited Henry’s war prospects
24
Q

What were causes of the Pilgrimage of Grace?

A
  • Dissolution of monasteries
  • Taxation
  • Suffolk had been imposed in Lincolnshire
  • Councillors wanted to reinstate Mary as heir - Aragonese
25
Q

What were vents in the Lincolnshire rising?

A
  • 1536
  • 2 Oct - starts
  • 4 Oct - spreads, murder of the chancellor of the diocese of Lincoln
  • 7 Oct - Rebels converge at Lincoln Cathedral
26
Q

What happened in the pilgrimage of grace?

A
  • 1536
  • 8 Oct - begins properly with leader Robert Aske - East Riding of Yorkshire
  • 10 Oct - Spreads to West Riding
  • 20 Oct - Rebels gain Pontefract castle
  • 25 Oct - spreads to Pennines and Lake District
  • 26 Oct - rebels meet Norfolk at Doncaster
  • Nov - rebels disperse
  • 3 Dec - royal declaration offers pardons to rebels
27
Q

When was the revival?

A
  • 1537
  • 16 Jan - Renewed rebellion in East Riding Yorkshire - led by Sir Francis Bigod
28
Q

How was the rebellion initially dealt with?

A
  • Army led by Duke of Norfolk sent
  • Met the rebels at Doncaster
  • Heavily outnumbered
  • Negotiated instead - promised pardons, restoring dissolved monasteries –> had no intentions of following through - convinced the rebels - dispersed
29
Q

How was the revival dealt with?

A
  • Gave Henry an excuse to go back on his earlier promises
  • Norfolk sent again - suppressed it quickly - declared martial law - hung 74 rebels
  • Merciful after that - executed the leaders - (Darcey and Hussey - nobles)
  • Pilgrimage did not succeed at slowing religious change

History - Tudors (13 decks)

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