Chapter 4: English society at the end of the 15th Century Flashcards

1
Q

Who were the nobility?

A
  • Owned most of the land
  • 50 - 60 nobles - reduced slightly as Henry was distrustful of them
  • Part of government - house of lords
  • 1487 - retainers restricting private forces nobles could have
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What role did the church have?

A
  • Pope elected by cardinals
  • Owned land
  • 2 Archbishops - York & Canterbury
  • Archbishops, bishops, important abbots - positions in politics
  • Curates & priests - religion in small communities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What was the gentry?

A
  • 500 knights, 800 esquires, 5000 gentlemen
  • Greater gentry - landowners, some sought knighthoods
  • Esquires & mere gentry - less prestige, owned land
  • 1% population
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Who were commoners in towns and cities?

A
  • Educated professionals & merchants
  • Shopkeepers & skilled tradesmen
  • Unskilled urban workers, apprentices, beggars
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What were commoners in the countryside?

A
  • Yeomen - had substantial farming land
  • Husbandmen & richer peasantry bought / rented farm lend
  • Labouring peasants without land, vagrants, beggars
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How was England divided by demographic?

A
  • North-West - 1/4 population
  • South-East - 3/4 population
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How was agriculture divided?

A
  • East - mixed farming
  • West - pastoral farming
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What were attitudes to different regions?

A
  • North seen as savages
  • South envied for wealth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How was government different in different areas?

A
  • Separate councils for North, Wales, Ireland
  • Nobles had more control in some areas - Chester & Durham had a lot of independence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What influence did the church have in different areas?

A
  • Varied by area
  • Local saints’ cults and pilgrimage places meant some areas were favoured - St Cuthbert in Durham, St Thomas Becket in Canterbury
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where was linguistic and cultural division more present?

A
  • Wales, Cornwall, Ireland
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When was the Yorkshire rebellion?

A
  • 1489
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What caused the Yorkshire rebellion?

A
  • Response to increased tax for campaign in Brittany
  • After a bad harvest so couldn’t pay - £27,000 of £100,000 paid - Showed a lack of control by Henry
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What was the consequence of the Yorkshire rebellion?

A
  • Lost control of north where yorkist base was
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When was the Cornish rebellion?

A

1497

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What caused the Cornish rebellion?

A
  • Increased taxes for Scottish campaign
  • Reduced tin industry meant they couldn’t pay
17
Q

What happened in Cornish rebellion?

A
  • 15000 men marched towards London - made it to Blackheath - Kent
18
Q

What did the Cornish events show?

A
  • Lack of control and threat to Henry and regime
19
Q

What we’re the consequences of the Cornish rebellion?

A
  • Had to withdraw Daubeney from Scotland to crush rebellion
  • Executed leaders but pardoned others - didn’t discourage rebellion
  • Eased Anglo-Scottish tensions - forced them to be peaceful
  • Cautious about other foreign conflicts