Chapter 3: Relations with Foreign Powers

Question 1

What were Henry’s foreign policy aims?
(4 things )

Answer 1

• Maintain good relations with other powers to consolidate rule
• National security
• Trade
• Recognition of dynasty

Question 2

Why was Brittany a problem?

Answer 2

• Duke had died leaving 12 year old daughter Anne - couldn’t rule on her own
• If France gained control - closer to England - threat of invasion

Question 3

What happened in Brittany?

Answer 3

-1487 - French invade Brittany using death of duke as excuse
-1489 - Treaty of Redon - Henry would support Anne with troops if she finances
-1491 - 6000 troops sent - Anne surrenders to French instead and will marry Charles VIII
-1492 - Eng invade - quick peace as French want to invade Italy
Nov - Treaty of Etaples - will not support pretenders, pension to Henry of 50,000 crowns a year (5% of his annual income)

Question 4

Describe relations with Scotland?

Answer 4

-1485-95 - Tense Anglo-Scottish relations
-1495-6 - James IV supported Warbeck - small army to invade - war threat
-1497 - Cornish rebellion - immediate truce needed - Treaty of Ayton - no longer need Warbeck
-1501 - James & Margaret marriage agreed
-1502 - Formal peace treaty - Treaty of perpetual peace
-1503 - Wedding took place

Question 5

What was the situation in Ireland?

Answer 5

• Henry only controlled an area around Dublin called the Pale
• Rest controlled by chieftains and Earl of Kildare - Lord Deputy of Ireland

Question 6

What were relations like with Ireland?

Answer 6

-1486 - Kildare crowned Simnel
-1491 - Support Perkin Warbeck
- 1495 - Poyning’s law - need English approval to pass laws - too expensive
-1496 - Kildare abandoned Yorkist cause - reinstated
-1500 - reasonable level of control

Question 7

Why was Burgundy a problem?

Answer 7

• Margaret of Burgundy provided support to pretenders
• Netherlands was under Burgundy control - use ports for wool trade - Antwerp

Question 8

What happened in Burgundy?

Answer 8

-1493 - Trade embargo after Burgundy support Warbeck
-1496 - Intercursus Magnus - ends embargo and Margaret recognises Henry as king
-1503 - Death of Margaret of Burgundy
-1506 - shipwreck, try to put through Intercursus Malus - to hand over Suffolk and Henry marry Philip’s sister - Philip dies - never happens
-1507 - 3rd treaty to go back to Magnus
-1508 - Diplomatically isolated - don’t join League of Cambrai with HRE, Spain, France, Papacy

Question 9

What was the consequence of the trade embargo and what did it show?

Answer 9

• Reduces economy
• Detrimental for East Coast merchants
• Dynasty was more important than trade

Question 10

What happened with relations with Spain?

Answer 10

-1489 - Treaty of Medina del Campo - agree marriage of Arthur and Catherine - mutual protection, don’t harbour pretenders, protect Brittany from France - argue over wedding and dowry
-1501 - wedding
-1502 - Arthur died - propose new marriage to Henry - Ferdinand reluctant
-1504 - Isabella died - Henry supported Juana over Ferdinand
-1506 - Treaty of Windsor - trade for Suffolk, Philip dies, Juana goes mad, Ferdinand regent, Henry diplomatically isolated - Henry & Catherine can only marry when Henry VII is dead