Chapter 8: Henry VIII Government and Parliament Flashcards
1
Q
How did Henry use Parliament before 1529 and why?
A
- Less frequently
- Used for taxes for wars
- Relied more on Wolsey
2
Q
How was Parliament used after 1529 and why?
A
- Used more and for longer periods
- Dealing with divorce and break from Rome
- Moved back to conciliar rule for a bit
3
Q
When is conciliar government used at the start of his reign?
A
- 1509 - 1514
4
Q
When is Wolsey in power?
A
- 1514 - 1529
5
Q
Who was Wolsey?
A
- Commoner but very clever
- Had great finance and administration skills
- Part of the clergy - cardinal
6
Q
Why was Wolsey favoured by Henry?
A
- Skills
- Loyal as Henry had ‘made him’
- Moving away from nobles who saw themselves more like equals to the king
7
Q
Why did the nobility dislike Wolsey?
A
- He was a commoner but was cleverer and had more influence to the king than he did
8
Q
What titles did Wolsey have and when was he given them?
A
- Royal Chaplain to Henry VII - 1507
- Archbishop of York - 1514
- Cardinal - 1515
- Papal Legate - 1518
- Lord Chancellor - 1515
9
Q
How did Wolsey influence religion?
A
- Was guilty of absenteeism and pluralism
- Shut down 24 monasteries with poor standards
- Merging monasteries to improve efficiency
- Removed outlets for healthcare and education for the poor through this
- Burnt Lutheran texts, arrested and punished protestants
10
Q
How did Wolsey make legal reforms?
A
- Court of Chancery - more equal, fairer - became overburdened
- Star Chamber (from H7) - strengthened to encourage commoners to speak out against abuse of power - 120 cases heard per year compared to 12 under H7
- Court of requests - heard cases from the poor - low cost and swift decisions
11
Q
How was finance changed by Wolsey?
A
- 1522 national tax survey brought in £200,000 - first since 1086
- 1526 recoinage - stimulated exports as currency was cheaper –> contributed to inflation and riots
12
Q
How was enclosure dealt with by Wolsey?
A
- Enquiries into enclosure 1517 + 1518 –> made legal action against landlords for enclosing without permission
- Landowners opposed these in Parliament 1523
13
Q
How did Wolsey change the Privy Council?
A
- Was full of Henry’s minions - distrusted Wolsey
- 1519 - Wolsey removed them and replaced them with his supporters - most managed to regain their positions
14
Q
What were the Eltham Ordinances?
A
- 1526
- Anyone seen as wasting King’s funds was removed from government
- Was posted as a finance policy
- Used as a way of Wolsey to remove people who opposed him –> included groom of the stool
15
Q
What is a subsidy?
A
- Grant issued by parliament
16
Q
What was the amicable grant?
A
- A gift freely given to the king
- 1523 used as a way to raise money for war
- Became just a really heavy tax without approval from parliament
17
Q
What was the King’s Great Matter?
A
- Needed a male heir
- Catherine past having children
- Wanted to marry Anne Boleyn - refused to be his mistress