Chapter 5- Classification Of Biodiversity

Question 1

What were the series of congresses called? What did they agree?

Answer 1

Botanical Congresses (IBC)- that 1753 be taken as the starting point for both genera and species of plants/ fungi

Question 2

How does the binomial system work?

Answer 2

First name = genus- a group of species that share certain characteristics
Second name = the species or specific name

Question 3

What are the 4 rules of the binomial system?

Answer 3

1) the genus name begins with an upper case letter and the species name begins with a lower case
2) in type print or text, a binomial is shown in italics
3) after a binomial has been used it can be abbreviated to initial letter of genus and full name of species
4) earlier publishes name is 1753 onwards, 1758 for animals

Question 4

How do taxonomists classify species?

Answer 4

Using a hierarchy of taxa

Question 5

What is a taxa?

Answer 5

Species are arranged into taxa- going up the hierarchy KPCOFGS the taxa includes larger number of species

Question 6

What are all organisms classified into?

Answer 6

3 domains

Question 7

What are the 3 domains?

Answer 7

Bacteria
Archaea
Eukaryota

Question 8

Why aren’t viruses classified in any of the three domains?

Answer 8

They do have genes for coding for proteins using the same genetic code as living organisms they have too few of the characteristics of life to be regarded as living organisms

Question 9

What is the principle taxa for classifying eukaryotes

Answer 9

Kingdom, phylum, class, order , family, genus , species

Question 10

What do genus and accompanying higher taxa consist of?

Answer 10

Of all of the species that have evolved from one common ancestral species

Question 11

What do taxonomists sometimes do?

Answer 11

Sometimes reclassify groups of species when new evidence shows that a precious taxing contains species that have evolved from different ancestral species

Question 12

What does natural classification do?

Answer 12

Helps in the identification of species and allows the prediction of characteristics shared by species within a group

Question 13

2 specific advantages of natural classification - what’s the 1st?

Answer 13

Identification of species is easier - if a specimen of an organism is found and it is not obvious what species it is it can be assigned to a kingdom then go down the taxas

Question 14

2 specific advantages of natural classification - what’s the 2nd?

Answer 14

Because all the members of a group in natural selection has evolved from a common ancestral species, they inherit similar characteristics- allows for predication of the characteristics of species within a group

Question 15

What are the 4 main types of plant phyla?

Answer 15

1) Bryophyta - mosses, liverworts and hornworts
2) filicinophyta- ferns
3) coniferophyta- conifers
4) angiospermsphyta- flowering plants

Question 16

What are the 6 phyla of animals?

Answer 16

1) Porifera- sponges
2) Cnidaria - jellyfish, corals etc
3) Platyhelminthes - worms
4) mollusca- snails
5) Annelida- leeches etc
6) Arthropoda- insects, arachnids , crustaceans, myriapods

Question 17

What are the 5 groups of vertebrates

Answer 17

Birds
Mammals
Amphibians
Reptiles
Fish

Question 18

What is the binomial system?

Answer 18

System of names for species that is universal among biologists and has been agreed and developed at a series of congresses