Chapter 1 Cells- Prokaryotic Cells Flashcards
Definition of cell wall?
Rigid outer layer made of peptidoglycan–> maintains shape and protects cell from damage or bursting
Draw and label a prokaryotic cell
Do it martha.
What does cell/plasma membrane definition?
Semi-permeable barrier that controls the entry and exit of substances
Definition of cytoplasm?
Fluid component which contains the enzymes needed for all metabolic reactions
Definition of nucleoid ?
Region of cytoplasm which contains genophore (prokaryotic DNA)
Definition of plasmid:
Additional DNA molecule that exist and replicate indepentally of the genophore l- it can be transmitted between bacterial species
Definition of ribosomes?
Complexes of RNA and protein that responsible for polypeptide syntheses
Definition of slime capsule?
Thick polysaccharide layer used for protection against drying out and phagocytosis
Definition of flagella?
Long, slender projection containing a motor protection which spins the flagella like a propellor enabling movement
Definition pilli? And the 2 types?
Hair like extensions: 2 types:
1) attachment pili: shorter in length allow bacteria to adhere to one another or to available surface
2) sex pilli: longer in length, alllow the exchange of genetic material (plasmids) via a process called bacterial conjugation
How do bacterial cells divide
Binary fission
What is binary fission a form of?
Form of asexual reproduction/ cell division used by prokaryotic cells
What is the process of binary fission?
Circular DNA is copied in response to replication signal
- 2 DNA loops attach to membrane
- membrane elongates and pinches off (cytokinesis) forming 2 separate cells
Electron microscopes have a much higher resolution than what?
Light microscopes
What’s resolution?
Making separate parts of an object distinguishable by eye
