Chapter 1- Cells- Eukoryotic Cells

Question 0

Definition of nucleus

Answer 0

1) Nuclear membrane is double
2) Contains chromosomes, consisting of DNA associated with histone proteins
3) Is where DNA is replicated and transcribed to mRNA, which is exported via the nuclear pores to the cytoplasm

Question 1

Draw and label eukaryotic cells

Answer 1

Do it bitch tits

Question 2

Definition of ribosomes

Answer 2

Small, free in cytoplasm associated with rER.

Synthesise proteins, releasing it to work in cytoplasm

Question 3

Definition of mitochondria

Answer 3

1) Site of aerobic respiration which produces large quantities of ATP
2) Fat is digested here if it is being used as an energy source in the cell

Question 4

Definition of Golgi apparatus?

Answer 4

1) Stores, modifies and packages proteins

2) proteins then carried in vesicles to the plasma membrane for secretion

Question 5

Definition of lysosme

Answer 5

Contains and transport enzymes–> site of hydrolysis/ digestion/ breakdown of macromolecules

Question 6

Definition centrioles

Answer 6

Associated nuclear devision (mitosis/meiosis/cytoskensis)

Question 7

Definition of rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 7

1) Site of protein synthesis for secretion from the cell

2) protein synthesised is carried by vesicles, which bud off and are moved to the Golgi apparatus

Question 8

Definition of smooth endoplamisc reticulum

Answer 8

Involed in synthesis and transport of lipids and steroids as well as metabolism of carbohydrates

Question 9

What are 3 similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 9

1) both hAve cell membranes
2) both contain ribosomes
3) both have DNA and cytoplasm

Question 10

What are the 4 differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 10

1) DNA- p= naked (no histones) e= associated with histones
P=circular e=linear
P=found in cytoplasm E=in nucleus
2) P= no membrane bond organelles E=there is
3) P= 70S ribosomes E= 80S ribosomes
4) P= smaller (1-5nm) E= (10-100nm)

Question 11

Draw and label plant cell

Answer 11

Do it mutha ducks

Question 12

4 differences between plant and animal cells

Answer 12

Plant cells. Animal cell
Have plastids (chloroplast) Don’t
Have cell wall (cellulose). Don’t
Have large vacuole. Has temporary
vacuoles
Stores excess glucose Stores it as
as starch. glycogen

Question 13

What are the roles of extracellular components of plants?

Answer 13

Cell wall in plants made from cellulose secreted from the cell:

1) provides support and mechanical strength for the cell (maintains shape)
2) prevents excessive water uptake by maintaining a stable, turgid state
3) serves as barrier against infections by pathogens

Question 14

What are the roles of extracellular components in animals?

Answer 14

Extracellular matrix (ECM) is made from glycoproteins secreted:

1) provides support and anchorage for cells
2) segregates tissues from one another
3) regulates intercellular communication by sequestering growth factor

Question 15

What cell structure do eukaryotes have? And what does it mean?

Answer 15

Compartmentalised cell structure

Means they are divided up by partitions into compartments- these are single or double membranes

Question 16

What are the 4 advantages of being compartmentalised?

Answer 16

1) enzymes/substrates for a particular process can be much more concentrated
2) substances that could cause damage to the cell can be kept inside the membrane or an organelle
3) conditions such as pH can be maintained at an a ideal level in that particular compartment
4) organelles with their contents can be moved around within the cell

Question 17

Definition of chloroplast

Answer 17

They produce glucose and a wide variety of other organic compounds by photosynthesis

Question 18

Definition of vacuoles/vesicles

Answer 18

Some absorb food and digest them
Some expel excess water
Vesicles transport material inside the cell