Chapter 2- Biochemistry- Transcription/Translation

Question 0

Where does translation occur?

Answer 0

Cytoplasm

Question 1

Where does transcription occur?

Answer 1

Nucleus

Question 2

-What are the differences between DNA and RNA regarding sugar?

Answer 2

DNA- has sugar deoxyribose

RNA- has sugar ribose

Question 3

T- What are the differences between DNA and RNA regarding bases?

Answer 3

DNA- has base thymine

RNA- has base uracil

Question 4

What are the difference between DNA and RNA regarding strands?

Answer 4

DNA-double stranded

RNA- single stranded

Question 5

What are the differences between RNA and DNA regarding helix?

Answer 5

DNA- forms double helix

RNA- doesn’t form double helix

Question 6

What is the process of transcription?

Answer 6

Process by which an RNA sequence is produced from a DNA template

Question 7

Transcription- What does RNA polymerase separate?

What does it synthesis?

Answer 7

Separates the DNA strands and synthesis a complementary RNA copy from one of the DNA strands.

Question 8

Transcription- How does RNA polymerase synthesis a complementary RNA copy from one of the DNA stands?

Answer 8

It covalently bonds ribonucleotise triphosphate that align opposite their exposed complementary partner

Question 9

Transcription-Once RNA has been synthesised what does RNA polymerase do?

Answer 9

Detach itself from DNA molecule and double helix will reform

Question 10

Transcription- What is the sequence DNA that has been transcribed into RNA called?

Answer 10

A gene

Question 11

Transcription-Name the 3 main types of RNA made and what are they?

Answer 11

Messenger RNA (mRNA)- a transcript copy of a gene used to encode a polypeptide
Transfer RNA (tRNA)- clover leaf shaped sequence that carries an amino acids
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)- primarily a component of ribosomes

Question 12

Draw the process of transcription

Answer 12

Do it do it do it

Question 13

Genetic code- What is the genetic code?

Answer 13

Set of rules by which encoded mRNA sequence is converted into proteins (amino acid sequence) by living cells.

Question 14

Genetic code- What are condones?

Answer 14

Are a triplet of bases which encodes a particular amino acid

Question 15

Genetic code-There are 4 bases so how many condones combinations?

Answer 15

64

Question 16

Genetic code-What does the order of condones determine?

Answer 16

The amino acid sequence for a protein

Question 17

Genetic code-What does codon always start with?

Answer 17

AUG

Question 18

Genetic code- What are the 2 features of the genetic code?

Answer 18

Universal- everything uses same code

Degenerate- only 20 amino acids but 64 codons= more than one codon may code for the same amino acid

Question 19

What is the Process of translation leading to polypeptide formation ?

Answer 19

Process of protein synthesis in which genetic information encoded in mRNA is translated into a sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

Question 20

Translation- What do ribosomes bind to?

What does it move along to till?

Answer 20

Bind to mRNA in cells cytoplasm and move along in a 5’–> 3’ direction till it reaches start (AUG)

Question 21

Translation-What do anticodons on tRNA molecules align to?

Answer 21

Align opposite appropriate codons according to complementary base pairing (e.g UAC–>AUG)

Question 22

Translation-What does each tRNA molecule carry?

Answer 22

Specific amino acids (according to genetic code)

Question 23

Translation-What do ribosomes catalyse?

Answer 23

Catalyse the formation of specific peptide bonds through condensation reactions between adjacent amino acids

Question 24

Translation-Ribosomes move along mRNA molecule synthesising a polypeptide chain until when?

Answer 24

Reaches stop codon- translation stops and chain is released

Question 25

Draw process of translation

Answer 25

Come on martha moon do it

Question 26

Relationship between 1 gene and 1 polypeptide- When a gene is mutated may lead to
What?

Answer 26

Synthesis of defective polypeptide = affects protein function

Question 27

Relationship between 1 gene and 1 polypeptide- how is a gene sequence converted to a polypeptide chain?

Answer 27

Via the process of transcription (making mRNA transcript) and translation (polypeptide synthesis)

Question 28

Relationship between 1 gene and 1 polypeptide-How does translation use tRNA molecules and ribosomes?

Answer 28

To join amino acids into a polypeptide chain according to mRNA sequence (codon)

Question 29

Relationship between 1 gene and 1 polypeptide- The universality between the genetic code means all organisms while the same relationship between what? Which allows what technique to be employed?

Answer 29

Show the same relationship between genes and polypeptides and this allows transgenic techniques to be employed

Question 30

Relationship between 1 gene and 1 polypeptide- some proteins may consider of a number of polypeptide chains what does this mean it needs multiples of?

Answer 30

Genes