Chapter 2- Cell Respiration Flashcards
In humans what is the source of the organic compounds broken down in cell respiration?
The food we eat
How is ATP made?
A phosphate group is linked to adenosine diphosphate- energy is required for this reaction, it comes from the breakdown of organic compounds
What are the main types of cell activities that require energy?
1) synthesising large molecules like DNA , RNA and proteins
2) pumping molecules or ions across membranes by active transport
3) moving things around the inside of the cell, such as chromosomes etc
What is the advantage of ATP
As an energy supply is it immediately available- released simply by splitting ATP and ADP and phosphate
When is glucose broken down and what is the yield of ATP?
Glucose is broken down in anaerobic respiration without using oxygen😝 yield of ATP is very small but it can be produced quickly
What is the 3 useful situations of anaerobic respiration?
1) when short but rapid burst of ATP production is needed
2) when oxygen supplies run out in respiration cells
3) in environments that are deficient in oxygen
What is the product of anaerobic respiration in humans?
Lactic acid then to lactate
Anaerobic respiration is used I yeast which produces what?
Ethanol and carbon dioxide- yeast converts sugars into ethanol in large fermenters by anaerobic respiration - the ethanol produced by the yeast is purified by distillation and then used as petrol
Lactate production in humans when anaerobic respiration is used does what?
Maximises the power of muscle contractions
What does aerobic respiration require and what does it produce?
Requires oxygen and gives a large yield of ATP from glucose
What is the formula?
Glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water
What is cell respiration?
The controlled release of energy from organic compounds to produce ATP
