Chapter 2- Carbohydrates And Lipids

Question 1

What are 3 examples of monosaccharides?

Answer 1

1) glucose
2) fructose
3) ribose

Question 2

What are monosaccharides?

Answer 2

Single sugar units

Question 3

What are disaccharides made of ?

Answer 3

Two monosaccharides linked together

Question 4

What are polysaccharides made of?

Answer 4

Consist of many monosaccharides linked together

Question 5

2 examples of disaccharides?

Answer 5

1) maltose

2) sucrose

Question 6

3 examples of polysaccharides?

Answer 6

1) starch
2) glycogen
3) cellulose

Question 7

What is the reaction called that combines monosaccharides ?

Answer 7

Condensation reaction

Question 8

What does condensation reaction involve?

Answer 8

Lose of an OH from one molecule and a H from another which forms a water molecule

Question 9

What type of process is condensation reaction?

Answer 9

Anabolic process- needs energy to do it

Question 10

What type of reaction is the opposite of a condensation reaction and what happens?

Answer 10

Hydrolysis reaction

Question 11

What are triglycerides formed of?

Answer 11

By condensation reaction from 3 fatty acids and one glycerol

Question 12

What are lipids insoluble in?

Answer 12

Water

Question 13

What is an example of triglycerides?

Answer 13

The fat in adipose tissue in humans and the oil in sunflower seeds

Question 14

How many molecules of water are produced when a triglycerides is formed?

Answer 14

3 water molecules

Question 15

What linkage is formed between each fatty acid and glycerol ?

Answer 15

An ester bond

Question 16

What are triglycerides used for?

Answer 16

Used as energy stores- the energy can then be released by aerobic cell respiration
Good heat insulators

Question 17

Show formation of a triglycerides from glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Answer 17

Do ittttttt

Question 18

Lipids are more suitable for long term energy storage than what

Answer 18

Cabohydrates

Question 19

What are monosaccharide monomers linked together by?

Answer 19

Condensation reactions to form disaccharide and polysaccharide polymers

Question 20

What are the similarities of carbohydrates and lipids in energy storage?

Answer 20

• complex carbohydrates (e.g polysaccharide) and lipids both contain a lot of chemical energy that can be used for energy storage.
• complex carbohydrates and lipids are both insoluble in water- not easily transported
• carbohydrates and lipids both burn cleaner than proteins (do not yield nitrogen wastage)

Question 21

What are the differences in carbohydrates and lipids in energy storage?

Answer 21

lipid molecules contain more energy per gram than carbohydrates

• carbohydrates are more readily digested than lipids and release there energy quicker
• monosaccharides and disaccharides are water soluble and easier to transport to and from sites than lipids
• animals tend to use carbohydrates for short term energy storage while lipids are used for more long-term energy storage.
• carbohydrates Are stored as glycogen in animals while lipids are stored as fats
• carbohydrates stored as cellulose and lipids as proteins
• lipids have less effect on osmotic pressure which a cell than complete carbohydrate.

Question 22

What is a saturated fatty acid ?

Answer 22

A fatty acid with single bonds between all of its carbon atoms therefore contains as much hydrogen bonds as possible

Question 23

What is a unsaturated fatty acid?

Answer 23

Fatty acids that have one or more double bonds - contain less hydrogen

Question 24

What is monounsaturated fatty acid?

Answer 24

If there is one double bind

Question 25

What is polyunsaturated ?

Answer 25

More than one double bond

Question 26

What can unsaturated fatty acids be?

Answer 26

Cis or trans isomers

Question 27

What is a cis- fatty acid?

Answer 27

The hydrogen atoms are nearly always on the same side of two carbon atoms that are double bonded

Question 28

what is trans-fatty acids?

Answer 28

The alternative to cis-fatty acids for the hydrogens to be on the opposite sides

Question 29

Explain cis- fatty acid

Answer 29

There is a bend in the hydrocarbon chain at the double bond. This makes triglycerides containing cis-fatty acids less good at picking together in regular arrays than saturated fatty acids, so it lower the melting point - usually liquid at room temp- oils

Question 30

Explain trans-fatty acids

Answer 30

Don’t have a bend in the hydrocarbon chain at the double bond so have higher melting points and are solid at room temp. Produced artificially