Chapter 1- Cells- cell theory Flashcards
Outline the cell theory (6)
1) all living things are composed of cells (or cell products) may be unicellular or multicellular
2) cells are the smallest unit of life
3) cells only come from pre-existing cells
4) every living cell is surrounded by a membrane
5) cells contain genetic material which stores all of the instructions needed for the cells activity
6) cells have their own energy release system that powers all of the cells activities
What evidence for the cell is there? (Microscope)
1) microscopes increase mans ability to visualise tiny objects
2) all living things that have been viewed under a microscope have been made up of cells and cell products
What 2 types of cells do not conform to the standard notion of what a cell is?
1) muscles contain multiple nuclei
2) fungal hyphae consists of multiple cells that share continuous cytoplasm
What have experiments by Louis Pasteur and Francisco Redi shown?
1) cells removed from tissues can survive independently for a short period of time
2) nothing smaller than a cell has been found to live independently
3) cells cannot grow in sealed and sterilised conditions
- state that unicellular organisms carry out all the functions of life:
- what do all organisms exist in?
Either unicellular or multicellular form
- state that unicellular organisms carry out all the functions of life:
- what are the 7 functions of life?
Metabolism, growth, reproduction, response, homeostasis, nutrition, excretion
- state that unicellular organisms carry out all the functions of life:
- what is metabolism?
Chemical reactions inside the cell, including cell respiration to release energy
- state that unicellular organisms carry out all the functions of life:
- what is growth?
An irreversible increase in size
- state that unicellular organisms carry out all the functions of life:
- what is reproduction?
Involves hereditary molecules that can be passed to offspring
- state that unicellular organisms carry out all the functions of life:
- what is response?
To the environment is important for survival
- state that unicellular organisms carry out all the functions of life:
- what is homeostasis?
Maintaining a constant internal environment
- state that unicellular organisms carry out all the functions of life:
- what is nutrition?
Obtaining food to provide energy and the materials needed for growth
What is the equation for magnification?
Magnification= image X actual size
(-Explain the importance of the surface area to volume ration as a factor limiting cell size:)
-what does it limit?
Size of cells
(-Explain the importance of the surface area to volume ration as a factor limiting cell size:)
- what are functions dependant on cell volume?
Rate of heat, waste productions and rate of resource consumptions - metabolism of cell
(-Explain the importance of the surface area to volume ration as a factor limiting cell size:)
- where does most chemical reactions occur? And what affects the rate of these reactions?
In the interior of cells and size affects the rate
(-Explain the importance of the surface area to volume ration as a factor limiting cell size:)
- what does the surface of the cell do?
(Membrane) controls what materials move in and out of the cell
(-Explain the importance of the surface area to volume ration as a factor limiting cell size:)
- what are cells with more surface area per volume able to do?
Move more materials in and out of the cell for each volume of the cell
(-Explain the importance of the surface area to volume ration as a factor limiting cell size:)
A large cells needs less what?
Less surface area
(-Explain the importance of the surface area to volume ration as a factor limiting cell size:)
- why does a large cell need less surface area? And why does this make cells limited in size?
Less surface area needed To bring in needed materials and to rid cell of waste than small—> due to this cells are limited to as to the size they can attain and still carry out functions of life
(-Explain the importance of the surface area to volume ration as a factor limiting cell size:)
- therefore what do large animals have regarding cells?
Do not have large cells but MORE cells
Some cells have infoldings/outfoldings to increase surface area (ex: microvilli)
(State that multicellular organisms show emergent properties:)
Multi- cellular organisms are capable of completing functions that individuals cells could not undertake- why?
Due to interaction between cells producing new functions
(State that multicellular organisms show emergent properties:)
-in multi-cellular organisms what may cells group together to form?
Tissues
(State that multicellular organisms show emergent properties:)
-from the grouping of multiple of tissues what are then formed?
Organs
