Chapter 4- Enery Flow

Question 1

How can living organisms harvest this energy?

Answer 1

By photosynthesis

Question 2

What are the three groups of autotrophic carry out photosynthesis? And what are these known as?

Answer 2

1) plants
2) eukaryotic algae
3) cyanobacteria

Producers

Question 3

What are several groups of heterotrophs in ecosystems?

Answer 3

Consumers, saprotrophs , detritivores

Question 4

How is light energy converted to chemical energy?

Answer 4

In carbon compounds by photosynthesis

Question 5

How is chemical energy and carbon compounds flow of the food chain?

Answer 5

By means of feeding

Question 6

What are the stages of the food chain?

Answer 6

Producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumer

Question 7

How is energy released by respiration using living organisms?

Answer 7

By being converted to heat

Question 8

What can heat not be converted to?

Answer 8

To other forms of energy

Question 9

What are the four energy conversion is that organisms can do?

Answer 9

1) light energy to chemical energy in photosynthesis
2) Chemical energy to kinetic energy in muscle contraction
3) Chemical energy to electrical energy in nerve cells
4) Chemical energy to heat energy and heat generating adipose tissue

Question 10

Where is heat lost from?

Answer 10

Ecosystems

Question 11

What energy losses between trophic level restrict?

Answer 11

The length of food chains and the biomass of higher trophic levels

Question 12

What is biomass?

Answer 12

It is a total mass of an group of organisms

Question 13

What does biomass consist of?

Answer 13

It consists of the cells and tissues of those organisms, including the carbohydrate another carbon compounds they contain. Because carbon compounds have chemical energy, biomass has energy.

Question 14

What trend is always found when the results are calculated per square metre of ecosystem of the different trophic levels?

Answer 14

The energy added to biomass by each successive trophic level is less

Question 15

What are three reasons for the loss of energy between trophic levels?

Answer 15

1) most of the energy in food that is digested by the organisms is released by them in respiration for use in cell activities -It is therefore lost as heat
2) not all of the organism of the lower tropic level is consumed for example animals to do not eat bones
3) not all parts of the organism are digested as some material is indigestible and is removed by feces

Question 16

What is the % of energy passed down the trophic levels?

Answer 16

10%

Question 17

Why does biomass also diminish along the food chain?

Answer 17

Loss of carbon dioxide and water from respiration and loss from the food chain of uneaten or undigested parts of an organism

Question 18

What do most ecosystems rely on?

Answer 18

On a supply of energy from sunlight