Chapter 2- Molecules To Metabolism

Question 1

What do nuclei acids comprise of? What do the acids make?

Answer 1

DNA and RNA

The acids are used to make genes

Question 2

What are some examples of the roles of proteins?

Answer 2

1) includes controlling chemical reactions of the cell by acting as enzymes

Question 3

What does the fact that carbon atoms can form four bonds allow?

Answer 3

Allow a diversity of compounds to exist

Question 4

What type of bonds to cave on atoms make?

Answer 4

Covalent bonds

Question 5

What atoms does carbon usually bond with ?

Answer 5

Hydrogen, oxygen , nitrogen and phosphorus

Question 6

What are the 4 types of carbons compounds that carbon be classified as?

Answer 6

1) carbohydrates
2) lipids
3) proteins
4) nucleic acids

Question 7

What are carbohydrates composed of?

Answer 7

Composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 8

What are lipids properties/ composed of?

Answer 8

Insoluble in water, including steroids, waxes, fatty acids and triglycerides

Question 9

What are proteins composed of/ properties?

Answer 9

Composed of one or more chains or amino acids

Contain elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen and sulphur

Question 10

What are nucleic acids composed of/ properties?

Answer 10

Chains of subunits called nucleotides which contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus

Question 11

What are the 2 types of nucleic acids?

Answer 11

1) ribonucleic acids (RNA)

2) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Question 12

What is metabolism?

Answer 12

Web of all the enzymes catalysed reactions in a cell or organism

Question 13

What does metabolism allow?

Answer 13

Allows pathways by which one type of molecule can transform into another in a series of small steps

Question 14

What is anabolism?

Answer 14

Is the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler molecules including the formation of macromolecules from monomers by condensation reaction

Question 15

What two parts is Metabolism is divided into?

Answer 15

Anabolism and catabolism

Question 16

What does an anabolic reaction require?

Answer 16

Energy- ATP

Question 17

What 4 process can anabolism carry out?

Answer 17

1) proteins synthesis using ribosomes
2) DNA synthesis during replication
3) photosynthesis including production of glucose from carbon dioxide and water
4) synthesis of complex carbohydrates including starch, cellulose and glycogen

Question 18

What is catabolism?

Answer 18

Is the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler molecules including the hydrolysis of macromolecules into monomers

Question 19

What do catabolic reactions release?

Answer 19

Energy in form of ATP

Question 20

What 3 process does catabolism to?

Answer 20

1) digestion of food in mouth, stomach and small intestine
2) cell respiration in which glucose or lipids are oxidised to carbon dioxide and water
3) digestion of complex carbon compounds in dead organic matter by decomposed

Question 21

What are the most varied and complex molecules?

Answer 21

Nucleic acids and proteins