Chapter 5 Flashcards
the sum of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others
personality
factors determined at conception; one’s biological, physiological, and inherent psychological makeup
heredity
enduring characteristics that describe an individual’s behavior
personality traits
a personality test that taps four characteristics and classifies people into one of 16 personality types
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
a personality assessment model that describes five basic dimensions of personality
big five model
a personality dimension that describes someone who is responsible, dependable, persistent, and organized
conscientiousness
a personality dimension that characterizes someone as calm, self-confident, and secure versus nervous, depressed, and insecure
emotional stability
a personality dimension describing someone who is sociable, gregarious, and assertive
extraversion
a personality dimension that characterizes someone in terms of imagination, sensitivity, and curiosity
openness to experience
a personality dimension that describes someone who is good-natured, cooperative, and trusting
agreeableness
a constellation of negative personality traits consisting of Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy
dark triad
the degree to which an individual is pragmatic, maintains emotional distance, and believes that ends can justify means
machiavellianism
the tendency to be arrogant, have a grandiose sense of self-importance, require excessive admiration, and possess a sense of entitlement
narcissism
the tendency for a lack of concern for others and a lack of guilt or remorse when actions cause harm
psychopathy
bottom-line conclusions individuals have about their capabilities, competence, and worth as a person
core self-evaluation
indifferent and callous toward others
antisocial
have low self esteem and high uncertainty
borderline
eccentric and disorganized
schizotypal
perfectionists and can be stubborn
obsessive-compulsive
feel inadequate and hate criticism
avoidant
a personality trait that measures an individuals ability to adjust his or her behavior to external situational factors
self-monitoring
people who identify opportunities, show initiative, take action, and persevere until meaningful change occurs
proactive personality
a theory indicating that the way personality translates into behavior depends on the strength of the situation
situation strength theory
degree to which cues about work duties and responsibilities are available and clear
clarity
extent to which cues regarding work duties are compatible with one another
consistancy
a theory that predicts that some situations, events, or interventions activate a trait more than others
trait activation theory
extent to which individuals freedom to decide or act is limited by forces outside their control
constraints
degree to which decisions or actions have important implications for the organization
consequences
basic convictions that a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct or end-state of exisitence
values
a hierarchy based on a ranking of an individuals values in terms of their intensity
value system
desirable end-states of existence; the goals a person would like to achieve during his or her lifetime
terminal values
preferable modes of behavior or means of achieving ones terminal values
instrumental values
a theory that identifies six personality types and proposes that the fit between personality type and occupational environment determines satisfaction and turnover
personality-job fit theory
a theory that people are attracted to and selected by organizations that match their values, and leave when there is no compatibility
person-organization fit
a national culture attribute that describes the extent to which a society accepts that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally
power distance
a national culture attribute that describes the degree to which people prefer to act as individuals rather than as members of groups
individualism
a national culture attribute that describes a tight social framework in which people expect others in groups of which they are a part to look after them and protect them
collectivism
a national culture attribute that describes the extent to which the culture favors traditional masculine work roles of achievement, power, and control. Societal values are characterized by assertiveness and materialism
masculinity
a national culture attribute that indicates little differentiation between male and female roles; a high ranking indicates that women are treated as the equals of men in all aspects of the society
femininity
a national culture attribute that describes the extent to which a society feels threatened by uncertain and ambiguous situations and tries to avoid them
uncertainty avoidance
a national culture attribute that emphasizes the future, thrift, and persistence
long-term orientation
a national culture attribute that emphasizes the present and accepts change
short-term orientation
