Chapter 5

Question 1

the sum of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others

Answer 1

personality

Question 2

factors determined at conception; one’s biological, physiological, and inherent psychological makeup

Answer 2

heredity

Question 3

enduring characteristics that describe an individual’s behavior

Answer 3

personality traits

Question 4

a personality test that taps four characteristics and classifies people into one of 16 personality types

Answer 4

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Question 5

a personality assessment model that describes five basic dimensions of personality

Answer 5

big five model

Question 6

a personality dimension that describes someone who is responsible, dependable, persistent, and organized

Answer 6

conscientiousness

Question 7

a personality dimension that characterizes someone as calm, self-confident, and secure versus nervous, depressed, and insecure

Answer 7

emotional stability

Question 8

a personality dimension describing someone who is sociable, gregarious, and assertive

Answer 8

extraversion

Question 9

a personality dimension that characterizes someone in terms of imagination, sensitivity, and curiosity

Answer 9

openness to experience

Question 10

a personality dimension that describes someone who is good-natured, cooperative, and trusting

Answer 10

agreeableness

Question 11

a constellation of negative personality traits consisting of Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy

Answer 11

dark triad

Question 12

the degree to which an individual is pragmatic, maintains emotional distance, and believes that ends can justify means

Answer 12

machiavellianism

Question 13

the tendency to be arrogant, have a grandiose sense of self-importance, require excessive admiration, and possess a sense of entitlement

Answer 13

narcissism

Question 14

the tendency for a lack of concern for others and a lack of guilt or remorse when actions cause harm

Answer 14

psychopathy

Question 15

bottom-line conclusions individuals have about their capabilities, competence, and worth as a person

Answer 15

core self-evaluation

Question 16

indifferent and callous toward others

Answer 16

antisocial

Question 17

have low self esteem and high uncertainty

Answer 17

borderline

Question 18

eccentric and disorganized

Answer 18

schizotypal

Question 19

perfectionists and can be stubborn

Answer 19

obsessive-compulsive

Question 20

feel inadequate and hate criticism

Answer 20

avoidant

Question 21

a personality trait that measures an individuals ability to adjust his or her behavior to external situational factors

Answer 21

self-monitoring

Question 22

people who identify opportunities, show initiative, take action, and persevere until meaningful change occurs

Answer 22

proactive personality

Question 23

a theory indicating that the way personality translates into behavior depends on the strength of the situation

Answer 23

situation strength theory

Question 24

degree to which cues about work duties and responsibilities are available and clear

Answer 24

clarity

Question 25

extent to which cues regarding work duties are compatible with one another

Answer 25

consistancy

Question 26

a theory that predicts that some situations, events, or interventions activate a trait more than others

Answer 26

trait activation theory

Question 27

extent to which individuals freedom to decide or act is limited by forces outside their control

Answer 27

constraints

Question 28

degree to which decisions or actions have important implications for the organization

Answer 28

consequences

Question 29

basic convictions that a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct or end-state of exisitence

Answer 29

values

Question 30

a hierarchy based on a ranking of an individuals values in terms of their intensity

Answer 30

value system

Question 31

desirable end-states of existence; the goals a person would like to achieve during his or her lifetime

Answer 31

terminal values

Question 32

preferable modes of behavior or means of achieving ones terminal values

Answer 32

instrumental values

Question 33

a theory that identifies six personality types and proposes that the fit between personality type and occupational environment determines satisfaction and turnover

Answer 33

personality-job fit theory

Question 34

a theory that people are attracted to and selected by organizations that match their values, and leave when there is no compatibility

Answer 34

person-organization fit

Question 35

a national culture attribute that describes the extent to which a society accepts that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally

Answer 35

power distance

Question 36

a national culture attribute that describes the degree to which people prefer to act as individuals rather than as members of groups

Answer 36

individualism

Question 37

a national culture attribute that describes a tight social framework in which people expect others in groups of which they are a part to look after them and protect them

Answer 37

collectivism

Question 38

a national culture attribute that describes the extent to which the culture favors traditional masculine work roles of achievement, power, and control. Societal values are characterized by assertiveness and materialism

Answer 38

masculinity

Question 39

a national culture attribute that indicates little differentiation between male and female roles; a high ranking indicates that women are treated as the equals of men in all aspects of the society

Answer 39

femininity

Question 40

a national culture attribute that describes the extent to which a society feels threatened by uncertain and ambiguous situations and tries to avoid them

Answer 40

uncertainty avoidance

Question 41

a national culture attribute that emphasizes the future, thrift, and persistence

Answer 41

long-term orientation

Question 42

a national culture attribute that emphasizes the present and accepts change

Answer 42

short-term orientation