Chapter 1

Question 1

an individual who achieves goals through other people

Answer 1

Manager

Question 2

a consciously coordinated social unit, composed of two or more people, that functions on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals

Answer 2

Organization

Question 3

a process that includes defining goals, establishing strategy, and developing plans to coordinate activities

Answer 3

Planning

Question 4

Determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do them, how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom, and where decisions are to be made

Answer 4

Organizing

Question 5

A function that includes motivating employees, directing others, selecting the most effective communication channels, and resolving conflicts

Answer 5

Leading

Question 6

Monitoring activities to ensure that they are being accomplished as planned and correcting any significant deviations

Answer 6

Controlling

Question 7

Categories of Henry Mintzberg’s study of executives

Answer 7

Interpersonal
Informational
Decisional

Question 8

the ability to apply specialized knowledge or expertise

Answer 8

Technical skills

Question 9

the ability to work with, understand, and motivate other people, both individually and in groups

Answer 9

Human skills

Question 10

the mental ability to analyze and diagnose complex situations

Answer 10

Conceptual skills

Question 11

a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organization’s effectiveness.

Answer 11

Organizational behavior

Question 12

looking at relationships, attempting to attribute causes and effects, and drawing conclusions based on scientific evidence

Answer 12

Systemic study

Question 13

basing managerial decisions on the best available scientific evidence

Answer 13

Evidence-based management

Question 14

an instinctive feeling not necessarily supported by research

Answer 14

Intuition

Question 15

the science that seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals

Answer 15

Psychology

Question 16

an area of psychology that blends concepts from psychology and sociology to focus on the influence of people on one another

Answer 16

Social psychology

Question 17

the study of people in relation to their social environment or culture

Answer 17

Sociology

Question 18

study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities

Answer 18

Anthropology

Question 19

situational factors or variables that moderate the relationship between two or more variables

Answer 19

Contingency variables

Question 20

the concept that organizations are becoming more heterogeneous in terms of gender, age, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and other characteristics

Answer 20

Workplace diversity

Question 21

situations in which individuals are required to define right and wrong conduct

Answer 21

Ethical Dilemmas and Ethical Choices

Question 22

an abstraction of reality, a simplified representation of some real-world phenomenon

Answer 22

Model

Question 23

variables that lead to processes

Answer 23

Input

Question 24

actions that individuals, groups, and organizations engage in as a result of inputs and that lead to certain outcomes

Answer 24

Processes

Question 25

key factors that are affected by other variables

Answer 25

Outcomes

Question 26

a psychological process that occurs in response to environmental pressures

Answer 26

Stress

Question 27

the combination of effectiveness and efficiency at doing core job tasks

Answer 27

Task performance

Question 28

discretionary behavior that contributes to the psychological and social environment of the workplace

Answer 28

Organizational citizenship behavior

Question 29

the set of actions employees take to separate themselves from the organization

Answer 29

Withdraw behavior

Question 30

the extent to which members of a group support and validate one another while at work

Answer 30

Group cohesion

Question 31

the quantity and quality of a group’s work output

Answer 31

Group functioning

Question 32

the combination of the effectiveness and efficiency of an organization

Answer 32

Productivity

Question 33

the degree to which an organization can achieve its ends at a low cost

Answer 33

Effectiveness

Question 34

the degree to which an organization is able to exist and grow over the long term

Answer 34

Organizational survival

Question 35

An area of OB research that studies how organizations develop human strengths vitality and resilience and unlock potential

Answer 35

Positive Organizational Scholarship