Chapter 1 Flashcards
an individual who achieves goals through other people
Manager
a consciously coordinated social unit, composed of two or more people, that functions on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals
Organization
a process that includes defining goals, establishing strategy, and developing plans to coordinate activities
Planning
Determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do them, how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom, and where decisions are to be made
Organizing
A function that includes motivating employees, directing others, selecting the most effective communication channels, and resolving conflicts
Leading
Monitoring activities to ensure that they are being accomplished as planned and correcting any significant deviations
Controlling
Categories of Henry Mintzberg’s study of executives
Interpersonal
Informational
Decisional
the ability to apply specialized knowledge or expertise
Technical skills
the ability to work with, understand, and motivate other people, both individually and in groups
Human skills
the mental ability to analyze and diagnose complex situations
Conceptual skills
a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organization’s effectiveness.
Organizational behavior
looking at relationships, attempting to attribute causes and effects, and drawing conclusions based on scientific evidence
Systemic study
basing managerial decisions on the best available scientific evidence
Evidence-based management
an instinctive feeling not necessarily supported by research
Intuition
the science that seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals
Psychology
an area of psychology that blends concepts from psychology and sociology to focus on the influence of people on one another
Social psychology
the study of people in relation to their social environment or culture
Sociology
study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities
Anthropology
situational factors or variables that moderate the relationship between two or more variables
Contingency variables
the concept that organizations are becoming more heterogeneous in terms of gender, age, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and other characteristics
Workplace diversity
situations in which individuals are required to define right and wrong conduct
Ethical Dilemmas and Ethical Choices
an abstraction of reality, a simplified representation of some real-world phenomenon
Model
variables that lead to processes
Input
actions that individuals, groups, and organizations engage in as a result of inputs and that lead to certain outcomes
Processes
key factors that are affected by other variables
Outcomes
a psychological process that occurs in response to environmental pressures
Stress
the combination of effectiveness and efficiency at doing core job tasks
Task performance
discretionary behavior that contributes to the psychological and social environment of the workplace
Organizational citizenship behavior
the set of actions employees take to separate themselves from the organization
Withdraw behavior
the extent to which members of a group support and validate one another while at work
Group cohesion
the quantity and quality of a group’s work output
Group functioning
the combination of the effectiveness and efficiency of an organization
Productivity
the degree to which an organization can achieve its ends at a low cost
Effectiveness
the degree to which an organization is able to exist and grow over the long term
Organizational survival
An area of OB research that studies how organizations develop human strengths vitality and resilience and unlock potential
Positive Organizational Scholarship
