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Anatomy Lecture > Chapter 4 - Integumentary System > Flashcards

Chapter 4 - Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Two layers of the dermis layer

A
  1. Papillary layer

2. Reticular layer

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2
Q

Anchors the epidermis and nourishes it

A

Dermal papillae

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3
Q

Three components to the papillary layer

A
  1. Areolar CT
  2. Capillaries and neurons
  3. Dermal papillae
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4
Q

Job of the reticular layer of the dermis

A

Anchoring layer

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5
Q

What does the reticular layer contain in the dermis?

A

Large vessels, nerves, adipocytes, arrector pili muscle

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6
Q

What kind of tissue is in the reticular layer of the dermis?

A

Dense irregular CT (Collagen and elastic)

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7
Q
  • In subcutaneous layer

- Network of arteries and veins supplying skin

A

Cutaneous Plexus

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8
Q
  • Follows epidermal and dermal boundary

- Helps nourish epidermal layer

A

Papillary Plexus

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9
Q

How do stretch marks form?

A
  • Weight gain causes fibers to stretch; they lose elasticity and break
  • decrease in fiber elasticity
  • tearing of fibers
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10
Q

What is the subcutaneous layer composed of and what are its functions?

A
  • Areolar CT and adipose CT
  • Collagen and elastic fibers
  • No distinct boundary with dermis
  • Major blood vessels and nerves
  • Stabilizes skin
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11
Q

Where is there no hair?

A
  • Plantar/palmar regions
  • Digits
  • Eyelids
  • Lip
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12
Q

Three types of hair and meanings

A
  1. Vellus - peach fuzz
  2. Intermediate - arms
  3. Terminal - thicker with darker pigment
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13
Q

Mostly projects above the surface of the skin

A

Shaft

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14
Q

Penetrates into the dermis

A

Root

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15
Q

Base of the follicle

A

Bulb

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16
Q

Each hair is composed of these three layers (outside to inside)

A
  1. Cuticle
  2. Cortex
  3. Medulla
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17
Q

Surrounds the root of a hair

- Has many sheaths and layers

A

Hair follicle

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18
Q

Hair is composed of _________________ epidermal cells

A

Dead, keratinized

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19
Q

Functions of hair

A
  1. Protection
  2. Reduction of heat loss
  3. Sensing light touch
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20
Q
  • Sensory nerves surrounding follicle

- Detect hair movement

A

Root hair plexus

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21
Q
  • Smooth muscles
  • Moves hair
  • Goose bumps
A

Arrector Pili

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22
Q

Three stages to hair growth

A
  1. Anagen stage
  2. Catagen stage
  3. Telogen stage
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23
Q
  • Lasts from 2-6 years depending on the body part

- Matrix cells at base of hair root producing length

A

Anagen stage

24
Q
  • Lasts up to two weeks

- Matrix cells inactive and follicle atrophies

A

Catagen stage

25
Q
  • Hair follicale remains dormant

- Hair is eventually pushed out by new hair as cycle renews

A

Telogen stage

26
Q

Brown black hair contains ____ amounts of eumelanin

27
Q

Blonde hair results from ____ amounts of eumelanin

28
Q

Red hair has ____ pheomelanin

A

High relative

29
Q

Gray hair is a result of a _______

A

Decline in all melanin production

30
Q

Specialized exocrine glands found in the dermis and the meanings

A
  1. Sebaceous (oil) glands
  2. Sudoriferous (sweat) glands
  3. Ceruminous (wax) glands
  4. Mammary (milk) glands
31
Q

Sebaceous glands secrete _____by holocrine secretion

A

Sebum (oil)

32
Q

What is the point of sebum?

A

It decreases evaporation and decreases bacterial growth

33
Q

Two types of sebaceous glands

A
  1. With hair - sebum released into follicle

2. Not with hair - sebum secreted onto epidermis

34
Q
  • Sweat glands
  • Coiled tubular gland
  • Sweat released by merocrine secretion
  • Under neural control
A

Sudoriferous

35
Q

Two types of sudoriferous glands

A
  1. Apocrine

2. Eccrine

36
Q
  • On most body surfaces; greatest on palm

- Not associated with hair follicle

A

Eccrine sweat glands

37
Q

The watery secretion eccrine sweat glands produce

A

Sensible perspiration

38
Q

What is sensible perspiration made out of?

A
  • Water NaCl, urea
39
Q

What is the function of eccrine sweat glands?

A

Cooling, protection, excretion

40
Q
  • Associated with hair follicle
  • Located in axillae and groin
  • Produces viscous secretion starting at puberty
A

Apocrine sweat glands

41
Q

Functions of apocrine sweat glands

A
  • Reduce friction
  • Cooling
  • Secrete pheremones
42
Q

Two modified apocrine sweat glands

A
  1. Mammary

2. Ceruminous

43
Q

(lactiferous) for milk production

- Gland

44
Q
  • Glands
  • In external ear
  • Secretion mixes with sebum to create ear wax
A

Ceruminous

45
Q

Keratinized plate like structure of the nail

46
Q

Surface of skin that covers nail body

47
Q

Source of nail production

48
Q

Whitish, half-moon region at base of nail plate

49
Q

___ and ____ caused by heat, electricity, UV radiation or chemicals

A

Tissue damage and cell death

50
Q

Associated dangers from burns

A
  1. Dehydration
  2. Electrolyte imbalance
  3. Circulatory shock
51
Q
  • Burn

- Skin red and swollen; only epidermis damaged

A

First degree burn

52
Q
  • Burn

- Skin red with blisters; epidermis and upper dermis damaged

A

Second degree

53
Q
  • Burn

- Gray-white or black; destroys entire layer

A

Third degree

54
Q

Burns are considered critical if what?

A
  • Over 25% of body has 2nd degree

- Over 10% of body has 3rd degree

55
Q

Characteristic changes of the effects of aging?

A
  1. Less hair
  2. Reduced blood supply
  3. Dermis tends to be thin
  4. Drying of epidermis
  5. Fewer melanocytes

Anatomy Lecture (17 decks)

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