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Anatomy Lecture > Chapter 22 - Blood Vessels and Circulation > Flashcards

Chapter 22 - Blood Vessels and Circulation Flashcards

0
Q

Summary of circulation

A

Heart, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, heart

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1
Q

Five facts about blood vessels

A
  • Closed circuit of tubes
  • Arteries carry blood away from the heart
  • Capillaries are exchange vessels
  • Veins return blood to heart
  • Oxygen does not distinguish arteries from veins
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2
Q

Three blood vessels tissues

A
  • Endothelium
  • CT
  • Smooth muscles
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3
Q

What is endothelium?

A
  • Smooth surface for blood flow

- Simple squamous epithelium

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4
Q

Provides elasticity to withstand BP changes

A

CT

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5
Q

Components to smooth muscle

A

Vasoconstriction and Vasodilation

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6
Q

Three layers to blood vessels

A

Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica externa

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7
Q

Characteristics of tunica intima

A
  • Innermost
  • Endothelium on top of CT membrane
  • Internal elastic membrane
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8
Q

Functions of the tunica intima

A
  • Separates blood flow from vessel wall
  • Prevent blood clotting
  • Helps regulate BP
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9
Q

Characteristics of the tunica media

A
  • Middle
  • Bulk of wall
  • Smooth muscle and elastic CT
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10
Q

Characteristics of the Tunica Externa

A
  • outer
  • thin
  • made of CT, elastic, and collagenous fibers
  • attaches artery to surrounding tissues
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11
Q

What special thing does the tunica externa contain?

A

Vasa vasorum

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12
Q

BV of BV because arteries are so thick

A

Vasa vasorum

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13
Q

Characteristics of arteries

A
  • Strong and elastic

- Subdivided into arterioles

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14
Q

Differences between arteries and veins

A
  • Artery wall thicker
  • Artery lumen appears smaller
  • Endothelium of artery can not contract
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15
Q

Characteristics of elastic arteries

A
  • Large diameter

- In areas of high pressures

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16
Q

Media composition of elastic arteries

A
  • High % elastic tissue

- Less smooth muscle

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17
Q

Examples of elastic arteries

A

Pulmonary trunk, aorta, carotid, subclavian, common iliacs

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18
Q

Characteristics of muscular arteries

A
  • Large to small diameter

- Carry blood to skeletal muscles and organs

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19
Q

Media composition of muscular arteries

A
  • Much smooth muscle

- Less elastic tissue

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20
Q

Examples of muscular arteries

A

Femoral, external carotids, brachilas, mesenterics

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21
Q

Microscopic continuations of arteries

A

Arterioles

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22
Q

Characteristics of arterioles

A
  • Small diameter
  • Adventitia is thin
  • No external elastic membrane
  • No vasa vasorum
23
Q

What are capillaries made out of?

A

Only intima

  • Basement membrane
  • Simple squamous epithelium
24
Q

Characteristics of capillaries

A
  • Very thin

- Variable permeability

25
Q

What materials do capillaries exchange

A

Nutrients, dissolved, wastes

26
Q

What are capillaries maximized by?

A

Thin wall
Low BP
Slow blood flow

27
Q

Mechanism of permability for capillarise

A

Diffusion across enothellial cells - lipids and gases
Diffusion through gaps between endothelium - water, small solutes
Diffusion through pores - water, larger solutes
Vesicular transport with pinocytes - large, bound solutes

28
Q

What is there an abundance of in continuous capillaries?

A

Tight junctions
Desmosomes
Pinocytes

29
Q

Capillaries allow movement by what?

A

Passive diffusion and active transport

30
Q

Locations of continuous capillaries

A

CNS
Skeletal muscle
Lungs

31
Q

Capillaries with pores (swiss cheese appearance)

A

Fenestrated capillaries

32
Q

Fenestrated capillaries allow movement of what?

A

Peptides and small proteins

33
Q

Locations of fenestrated capillaries

A

Kidneys
Intestine
Endocrine glands
Choroid plexus

34
Q

Capillaries that are specialized for max exchange

A

Sinusoid capillaries

35
Q

Characteristics of sinusoid capillaries

A
  • Large intercellular gaps
  • pores
  • discontinuous basemen membrane (allow cells to enter/exit)
36
Q

Location of sinusoid capillaries

A

Spleen and bone marrow

Liver and adrenal glands

37
Q

A network of interconnected capillaries

A

Capillary bed

38
Q

Where are capillary beds derived from?

A

Derived from arterioles

39
Q

Manages blood flow to bed

A

Precapillary sphincters

40
Q
  • A direct connection through the bed

- Leads to a thoroughfare channel

A

Matarterioles

41
Q

Messing with blood flow in a capillary bed

A

Anastomoses

42
Q

Characteristics of collateral arteries

A
  • Two arteries fuse
  • Twice as much blood supplies the arteries
  • Found in areas with high O2 demands
43
Q

Characteristics of arteriovenous anastomosis

A
  • Direct connection between arteriole and venule

- Where blood flow may be hindered by posture

44
Q

Smallest veins that collect blood from capillaries

A

Venules

45
Q

Characteristics of venules

A
  • Can lack a media

- Scatter, minimal amount of smooth muscles occasionally

46
Q

Medium sized veins characteristics

A
  • 2-9 mm in diameter
  • Thin media
  • Few smooth muscles fibers
  • Thick adventitia
  • Low BP
  • Valves
47
Q

Characteristics of large sized veins

A
  • Great veins, superior/inferior vena cava, and their tributaries
  • thin media
  • thick adventitia
  • low BP
  • valves
48
Q

Flap like structures projecting inward

A

Venous valves

49
Q

What and where are venous valves?

A
  • Folds of media

- Found in extremeities

50
Q

What happens because veins have low BP?

A

Valves prevent back flow of blood

51
Q

Movement of blood through veins

A
  • Movement of limbs and contraction of muscles - SKELETAL MUSCLE PUMP
  • Expansion of the thoracic cavity - THORACOABDOMINAL PUMP
52
Q

Blood distribution is ____

A

Uneven

53
Q

Why is blood distribution is uneven?

A
  • Oxygenated blood in the heart, arteries, and capillaries –> 1/3 of blood
  • Deoxygenated, venous blood –> 2/3 of blood
54
Q

Veins ____ during blood loss

A

Contract

55
Q

Blood distribution is known as the ____

A

Blood reservoir

56
Q

Overview of the pulmonary circuit

A
  • Deoxygenated blood goes to lungs from right ventricle
  • Oxygenated in alveolar capillaries of lungs
  • Brought to left atrium, then left ventricle
  • Veins = oxygenated
  • Arteries = deoxygenated

Anatomy Lecture (17 decks)

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