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Anatomy Lecture > Chapter 22 - Blood Vessels and Circulation > Flashcards

Chapter 22 - Blood Vessels and Circulation Flashcards

0
Q

Summary of circulation

A

Heart, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, heart

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1
Q

Five facts about blood vessels

A
  • Closed circuit of tubes
  • Arteries carry blood away from the heart
  • Capillaries are exchange vessels
  • Veins return blood to heart
  • Oxygen does not distinguish arteries from veins
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2
Q

Three blood vessels tissues

A
  • Endothelium
  • CT
  • Smooth muscles
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3
Q

What is endothelium?

A
  • Smooth surface for blood flow

- Simple squamous epithelium

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4
Q

Provides elasticity to withstand BP changes

A

CT

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5
Q

Components to smooth muscle

A

Vasoconstriction and Vasodilation

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6
Q

Three layers to blood vessels

A

Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica externa

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7
Q

Characteristics of tunica intima

A
  • Innermost
  • Endothelium on top of CT membrane
  • Internal elastic membrane
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8
Q

Functions of the tunica intima

A
  • Separates blood flow from vessel wall
  • Prevent blood clotting
  • Helps regulate BP
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9
Q

Characteristics of the tunica media

A
  • Middle
  • Bulk of wall
  • Smooth muscle and elastic CT
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10
Q

Characteristics of the Tunica Externa

A
  • outer
  • thin
  • made of CT, elastic, and collagenous fibers
  • attaches artery to surrounding tissues
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11
Q

What special thing does the tunica externa contain?

A

Vasa vasorum

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12
Q

BV of BV because arteries are so thick

A

Vasa vasorum

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13
Q

Characteristics of arteries

A
  • Strong and elastic

- Subdivided into arterioles

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14
Q

Differences between arteries and veins

A
  • Artery wall thicker
  • Artery lumen appears smaller
  • Endothelium of artery can not contract
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15
Q

Characteristics of elastic arteries

A
  • Large diameter

- In areas of high pressures

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16
Q

Media composition of elastic arteries

A
  • High % elastic tissue

- Less smooth muscle

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17
Q

Examples of elastic arteries

A

Pulmonary trunk, aorta, carotid, subclavian, common iliacs

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18
Q

Characteristics of muscular arteries

A
  • Large to small diameter

- Carry blood to skeletal muscles and organs

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19
Q

Media composition of muscular arteries

A
  • Much smooth muscle

- Less elastic tissue

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20
Q

Examples of muscular arteries

A

Femoral, external carotids, brachilas, mesenterics

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21
Q

Microscopic continuations of arteries

A

Arterioles

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22
Q

Characteristics of arterioles

A
  • Small diameter
  • Adventitia is thin
  • No external elastic membrane
  • No vasa vasorum
23
Q

What are capillaries made out of?

A

Only intima

  • Basement membrane
  • Simple squamous epithelium
24
Characteristics of capillaries
- Very thin | - Variable permeability
25
What materials do capillaries exchange
Nutrients, dissolved, wastes
26
What are capillaries maximized by?
Thin wall Low BP Slow blood flow
27
Mechanism of permability for capillarise
Diffusion across enothellial cells - lipids and gases Diffusion through gaps between endothelium - water, small solutes Diffusion through pores - water, larger solutes Vesicular transport with pinocytes - large, bound solutes
28
What is there an abundance of in continuous capillaries?
Tight junctions Desmosomes Pinocytes
29
Capillaries allow movement by what?
Passive diffusion and active transport
30
Locations of continuous capillaries
CNS Skeletal muscle Lungs
31
Capillaries with pores (swiss cheese appearance)
Fenestrated capillaries
32
Fenestrated capillaries allow movement of what?
Peptides and small proteins
33
Locations of fenestrated capillaries
Kidneys Intestine Endocrine glands Choroid plexus
34
Capillaries that are specialized for max exchange
Sinusoid capillaries
35
Characteristics of sinusoid capillaries
- Large intercellular gaps - pores - discontinuous basemen membrane (allow cells to enter/exit)
36
Location of sinusoid capillaries
Spleen and bone marrow | Liver and adrenal glands
37
A network of interconnected capillaries
Capillary bed
38
Where are capillary beds derived from?
Derived from arterioles
39
Manages blood flow to bed
Precapillary sphincters
40
- A direct connection through the bed | - Leads to a thoroughfare channel
Matarterioles
41
Messing with blood flow in a capillary bed
Anastomoses
42
Characteristics of collateral arteries
- Two arteries fuse - Twice as much blood supplies the arteries - Found in areas with high O2 demands
43
Characteristics of arteriovenous anastomosis
- Direct connection between arteriole and venule | - Where blood flow may be hindered by posture
44
Smallest veins that collect blood from capillaries
Venules
45
Characteristics of venules
- Can lack a media | - Scatter, minimal amount of smooth muscles occasionally
46
Medium sized veins characteristics
- 2-9 mm in diameter - Thin media - Few smooth muscles fibers - Thick adventitia - Low BP - Valves
47
Characteristics of large sized veins
- Great veins, superior/inferior vena cava, and their tributaries - thin media - thick adventitia - low BP - valves
48
Flap like structures projecting inward
Venous valves
49
What and where are venous valves?
- Folds of media | - Found in extremeities
50
What happens because veins have low BP?
Valves prevent back flow of blood
51
Movement of blood through veins
- Movement of limbs and contraction of muscles - SKELETAL MUSCLE PUMP - Expansion of the thoracic cavity - THORACOABDOMINAL PUMP
52
Blood distribution is ____
Uneven
53
Why is blood distribution is uneven?
- Oxygenated blood in the heart, arteries, and capillaries --> 1/3 of blood - Deoxygenated, venous blood --> 2/3 of blood
54
Veins ____ during blood loss
Contract
55
Blood distribution is known as the ____
Blood reservoir
56
Overview of the pulmonary circuit
- Deoxygenated blood goes to lungs from right ventricle - Oxygenated in alveolar capillaries of lungs - Brought to left atrium, then left ventricle - Veins = oxygenated - Arteries = deoxygenated

Anatomy Lecture (17 decks)

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