Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Chapter 4- Integumentary System > Flashcards

Chapter 4- Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

2 components of the integumentary system

A
  1. cutaneous membrane

2. accessory structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cutaneous membrane divided into..

A

epidermis

dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ex. of accessory structures

A
  • hair
  • nails
  • glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Functions of Integumentary system

A
  • protects deeper tissues from damage (mechanical, chemical, bacterial, desiccation, etc)
  • aids in heat regulation
  • airds in excretion of urea and uric acid
  • synthesizes Vitamin D
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Epidermis Characteristics

A
  • stratified squamous epitherlium
  • lacks blood vessels but can divide
  • as new cells divide, push older ones to surface
  • outer most layers are dead
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Epidermal cell types

A

keratinocytes
melanocytes
langerhan cells
merkel cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Keratinocytes

A
  • epidermal
  • 90% of cells
  • produce keratin
  • provide protection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

melanocytes

A

~8% of cells

  • produces melanin pigments which protect against UV radiation
  • melanin transferred to other cells with long cell processes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

langerhan cells

A
  • from bone marrow

- part of immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

merkel cells

A
  • in deepest layer

- form touch receptor with sensory neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What cells are produced at the basal lamina

A

keratinocytes by stem cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what happens after keratinocytes are made

A

they are pushed towards surface

  • fill with keratin and oils
  • slowly die
  • 4 week journey
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

layers of epidermis

A
  1. stratum germinativum
  2. stratum spinosum
  3. stratum granulosum
  4. stratum lucidum
  5. stratum corneum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Stratum germinativum

A
  • deepest single layer of cells

- combination of merkel cells, melanocytes, keratinocytes and stem cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do stratum germinativum attach to basal lamina

A

desmosomes and hemidesmosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

stratum spinosum

A
  • 8-10 cell layers held together by desmosomes
  • melanin taken in by phagocytosis from nearby melanocytes
  • during slide prep, cells shrink and look spiny
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

stratum granulosum

A

3-5 layers of flat dying cells

-show nuclear degeneration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what does stratum granulosum contain that are important for dessication?

A

contains dark staining keratohyalin granules

-release lipid that repels water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

stratun lucidum

A
  • seen in thick skin on soles and palms of feet only

- three to 5 layers of clear flat dead cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

stratum corneum

A

25-30 layers of flat dead cells filled with keratin and surrounded by lipids

  • continuously shed
  • barrier to heat, light, water, chemicals and bacteria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what layer do callus’s form on and what causes them?

A

stratum corneum

-friction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Thick skin

A
  • palmer and planter surface
  • about 30 layers of S. corneum
  • all 5 layers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

thin skin

A

rest of body surfaces

  • fewer layers of S. Corneum
  • no S. lucidum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

epidermal ridges

A
  • stratum germinativum forms ridges that extend into the dermis
  • increases area of contact for better grip
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

where is melanin produced

A

epidermis by melanoctes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

melanin

A

same number of melanocytes in everyone but varying amounts of pigment

  • melanin production is in response to melanin stimulation hormone
  • UV in sunlight increases melanin production
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what gets converted to melanin

A

melanocytes convert tyrosine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

different types of melanin

A
  • eumelanin-brown or black melanin

- pheomelanin-red brown version

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are freckles or liver spots

A

melanocytes in a patch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

mole

A

benign localized overgrowth of melanocytes (nevus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

albinism

A

inherited lack of tyrosinase; no pigment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

2 other skin pigments

A
  • carotene

- hemoglobin

33
Q

carotene

A
  • dermis
  • yellow-orange pigment (precursor of vit A)
  • found in stratum corneum and subcutaneous
34
Q

Hemoglobin

A
  • red, oxygen carrying pigment in blood cells

- no other pigments present, epidermis is translucent so pinkness evident

35
Q

how many layers in dermis

A

2 layers

  • papillary layer
  • reticular layer
36
Q

papillary layer

A

areolar CT

  • capillaries and neurons
  • dermal papillae
37
Q

reticular layer

A
  • anchoring layer
  • large vessels, nerves, adipocytes, arrector pili muscle
  • dense irregular CT
  • ->collagen; strength
  • ->elastic: strength, flexibility
38
Q

2 things that supply blood to the skin

A
  • cutaneous plexus

- papillary plexus

39
Q

cutaneous plexus

A
  • network of arteries and veins supplying skin

- in subcutaneous layer

40
Q

papillary plexus

A
  • follows epidermal/dermal boundary

- helps nourish epidermal layer

41
Q

stretch marks

A
  • weight gain causes fibers to stretch (break)

- form due to decrease in fiber elasticity and tear

42
Q

Hypodermis

A
  • superficial fascia/subcutaneous layer
  • made of areolar and adipose CT
  • collagen and elastic fibers
  • no distinct boudary in dermis
  • adipose=insulator
  • stabilizes skin
43
Q

accessory structures: hair

A
  • on most surfaces except plantar/palmer, parts of digits, lips, eyelids
  • hair number fixed at birth
44
Q

3 types of hair

A
  1. vellus-peach fuzz
  2. terminal-thicker with darker pigment
  3. intermediate-arms
45
Q

Hair consists externally of..

A
  • shaft (above skin)
  • root(deep into dermis)
  • bulb(base of follicle)
46
Q

hair consists internally of..

A
  • cuticle (outermost portion)
  • cortex (middle portion)
  • medulla (innermost portion)
47
Q

Functions of Hair

A
  • protection
  • reduction of heat loss (eh)
  • sensing light touch (YES)
48
Q

Root hair plexus

A
  • sensory nerves surrounding follicle
  • detect light touch
  • detect hair movement
49
Q

Arrector Pili

A
  • smooth muscle
  • moves hair
  • causes goose bumps
50
Q

3 stages of hair growth

A
  1. anagen stage
  2. catagen stage
  3. telogen stage
51
Q

anagen stage

A
  • lasts from 2 to 6 years depending on body part

- matrix cells at base of hair root producing length

52
Q

catagen stage

A
  • lasts up to 2 weeks

- matrix cells inactive & follicle atrophies

53
Q

telogen stage

A
  • hair follicle remains dormant

- hair is eventually pushed out by new hair as cycle renews

54
Q

hair color is result of..

A

melanin produced in melanocytes in hair bulb

55
Q

2 types of hair color melanin

A

eumelanin-brown/black (large amounts, blonde is little)

-pheomelanin-red hair

56
Q

4 exocrine glands of skin

A
  • sebaceous (oil)
  • sudoriferous (sweat)
  • ceruminous (wax)
  • mammary (milk)
57
Q

oil gland

A

sebaceous

58
Q

sweat gland

A

sudoriferous

59
Q

wax gland

A

ceruminous

60
Q

milk gland

A

mammary

61
Q

sebaceous gland

A
  • secretes sebum by holocrine secretion

- sebum decreases evap and decreases bacterial growth

62
Q

2 types of sebaceous gland

A
  • with hair: sebum into follicle

- w/o hair: sebum into epidermis

63
Q

sudoriferous glands

A
  • coiled tubular gland
  • sweat released by merocrine secretion
  • neural control
64
Q

2 types of sedoriferous gland

A
  • apocrine

- eccrine

65
Q

Eccrine sweat gland

A
  • greatest on palm
  • not associated with hair follicle
  • sensible persperation (water, NaCl, urea)
  • cooling, excretion, protection
66
Q

Apocrine sweat glands

A
  • not actually apocrine
  • assoc. w/hair follicles
  • located in axillae/groin
  • viscous secretion from puberty
  • reduce friction, cooling, secrete phermones
67
Q

modified apocrine sweat glands

A
  • mammary-milk

- ceruminous-external ear (secretion mixes with sebum=ear wax)

68
Q

Nail structure

A
  • nail body
  • nail bed
  • nail root
  • lunula
69
Q

nail body

A

keratinized, plate-like structure

70
Q

nail bed

A

-surface of skin that covers nail body

71
Q

nail root

A

source of nail production

72
Q

lunula

A

whitish, half moon region at base of nail plate

73
Q

what are burns

A

tissue damage & cell death caused by heat, electricity, UV radiation or chemicals

74
Q

associated dangers of Burns

A
  • dehydration
  • electrolyte imbalance
  • circulatory shock
75
Q

first degree burn

A

skin red and swollen, only damaged epidermis

76
Q

second degree burn

A

skin red with blisters; epidermis and upper dermis damaged

77
Q

third degree burn

A

gray-white or black; destroys entire layer

78
Q

critical burns

A
  • 25% of body has 2nd degree

- 10% of body has 3rd

79
Q

effects of aging

A
  • less hair
  • reduced blood supply
  • dermis thins
  • drying of epidermis
  • fewer melanocytes

Anatomy (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions