Chapter 4: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

Question 1

Living organisms consist mostly of what compounds

Answer 1

carbon-based

Question 2

is unparalleled in its ability to form large,
complex, and varied molecules

Answer 2

carbon

Question 3

is the study of compounds that
contain carbon, regardless of origin

Answer 3

Organic chemistry

Question 4

demonstrated the
abiotic synthesis of
organic compounds

Answer 4

Stanley Miller experiment

Question 5

are organic molecules consisting of
only carbon and hydrogen

Answer 5

Hydrocarbons

Question 6

are compounds with the same molecular
formula but different structures and thus different
properties

Answer 6

isomers

Question 7

have different covalent
arrangements of their atoms

Answer 7

Structural isomers

Question 8

have the same covalent bonds but
differ in their spatial arrangements

Answer 8

Cis-trans isomers

Question 9

are isomers that are mirror images
of each other

Answer 9

Enantiomers

Question 10

Reduces
inflammation
and pain

Answer 10

ibuprofen

Question 11

Relaxes bronchial
(airway) muscles,
improving airflow
in asthma
patients

Answer 11

Albuterol

Question 12

are the components of organic
molecules that are most commonly involved in
chemical reactions

Answer 12

Functional groups

Question 13

An important organic phosphate is

Answer 13

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 14

The seven functional groups that are most important
in the chemistry of life are the following

Answer 14

Hydroxyl group
Carbonyl group
Carboxyl group
Amino group
Sulfhydryl group
Phosphate group
Methyl group

Question 15

stores the potential to react with water

Answer 15

ATP

Question 16

hydroxyl group symbol

Answer 16

(-OH)

Question 17

Carbonyl group formula

Answer 17

(>C=O)

Question 18

Carboxyl group

Answer 18

(-COOH)

Question 19

Amino Group formula

Answer 19

(-NH2)

Question 20

Sulfhydryl Group formula

Answer 20

(—SH)

Question 21

Phosphate Group Formula

Answer 21

(—OPO32-–)