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Biology 1 > Chapter 1: Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry Flashcards

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1
Q

the scientific study of life

A

biology

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2
Q

consists of all life on earth and all the places where life exists

A

biosphere

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3
Q

all living things in particular area along with all the nonliving components of the environment with which life interacts

A

ecosystems

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4
Q

the array of organize inhabiting a particular ecosystem is called what

A

biological community

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5
Q

a group whose members can only reproduce with other members if the group

A

species

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6
Q

consists of all the individuals of a species living within the bounds of a specified area that interbreed with each other

A

population

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7
Q

individual living things are called what

A

organisms

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8
Q

a body part that is made up of multiple tissues and has a specific functions in the body

A

organ

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9
Q

the life’s fundamental unit of structure and function

A

cell

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10
Q

the various functional components present in cell

A

organelles

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11
Q

a group of cells that work together

A

tissue

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12
Q

a chemical structure consisting of two or more units called atoms

A

molecule

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13
Q

and approach that reduced complex systems to simpler components that are more manable to study

A

reductionism

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14
Q

the object study in a reductionist approach

A

isolated components of living systems

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15
Q

new properties that Arise with each step upward in the hierarchy of life owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases

A

emergent properties

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16
Q

an approach to studying biology that aims to model the dynamic behavior of whole biological systems based on a study of interactions among the system’s parts

A

systems biology

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17
Q

the smallest unit of organization that can perform all activities required for life

A

cell

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18
Q

the cell theory

A

all living organisms are made of cells

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19
Q

this type of cell contains membrane enclosed organelles

A

eukaryotic

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20
Q

this type of cell lacks a nucleus or other membrane enclosed organelles

A

prokaryotic cell

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21
Q

genetic material

A

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

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22
Q

units of inheritance

A

gene

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23
Q

encode the information necessary to build all the molecules synthesized within a cell

A

gene

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24
Q

control protein production

A

RNA

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25
Q

the sequence of nucleotides along a gene is transcribed into what

A

mRNA

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26
Q

protein building blocks

A

amino acids

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27
Q

the entire process by which information in a gene directs the manufacture of a cellular product is what

A

gene expression

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28
Q

is its entire “library” of
genetic instructions

A

genome

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29
Q

is the study of sets of genes in one or
more species

A

genomics

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30
Q

is the study of whole sets of proteins
and their properties

A

proteomics

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31
Q

The entire set of proteins expressed by a given cell,
tissue, or organ is called

A

proteome

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32
Q

The chemical energy generated by plants and other
photosynthetic organisms

A

producers

33
Q

are organisms that feed on other
organisms or their remains

A

consumers

34
Q

is the one idea that makes logical sense of
everything we know about living organisms

A

evolution

35
Q

the concept that
living organisms are modified descendants of
common ancestors

A

evolution

36
Q

the name of the soecies

A

homo sapiens

37
Q

three organism. are divided into three domains

A

Bacteria
Archaea

38
Q

includes all eukaryotic organisms

A

eukaraya

39
Q

The most numerous and diverse eukaryotes are the

A

Protists

40
Q

The most numerous and diverse eukaryotes are the

A

dna

41
Q

Darwin made two main points

A

Species showed evidence of “descent with
modification” from common ancestors
“Natural selection” is the mechanism behind descent
with modification

42
Q

The natural environment “selects” for the
propagation of beneficial traits

A

natural selection

43
Q

The shared anatomy of mammalian limbs reflects
the inheritance of the limb structure from where

A

a common ancestor

44
Q

is derived from Latin and means
“to know”

A

science

45
Q

The resulting global warming is just one aspect of

A

climate change

46
Q

Theodosius Dobzhansky’s quote

A

“Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light
of evolution”

47
Q

how many species have been identified and named

A

1.8 million species

48
Q

which two names do organisms go by?

A

genus and species

49
Q

what three divisions are organisms divided into

A

bacteria
archaea
eukaryotic

50
Q

what domains does prokaryotes have

A

bacteria and archaea

51
Q

includes the protists and three
kingdoms

A

eukarya

52
Q

what kingdoms does eukaryotic include

A

plants
fungi
animals

53
Q

produce their own food

A

plants

54
Q

absorb nutrients

A

fungi

55
Q

ingest their food

A

animals

56
Q

The most numerous and diverse eukaryotes are the
mostly single celled organisms

A

protist

57
Q

s the universal genetic language common to all
organisms

A

DNA

58
Q

occurs as the unequal reproductive
success of individuals

A

evolution

59
Q

Evolutionary relationships are often illustrated with what

A

treelike diagrams

60
Q

is the search for information and
explanations of natural phenomena

A

inquiry

61
Q

Recorded observations are called

A

data

62
Q

often take the form of recorded
descriptions

A

 Qualitative data

63
Q

are expressed as numerical
measurement, organized into tables and graphs

A

Quantitative data

64
Q

is an explanation, based
on observations and assumptions, that leads to a
testable prediction

A

hypothesis

65
Q

is a scientific test, carried out under
controlled conditions

A

experiment

66
Q

what kind of explanations are outside the bounds of science

A

Supernatural and religious

67
Q

is an idealized process of
inquiry

A

scientific inquiries

68
Q

who hypothesized that the color patterns had evolved as adaptations to protect the
mice from predators

A

Francis Bertody Sumner

69
Q

an experimental group
is compared with a control group

A

controlled experiment

70
Q

are features or quantities
that vary in an experiment

A

variables

71
Q

is the one that is
manipulated by the researchers

A

independent variable

72
Q

is the one predicted to be
affected in response

A

dependent variable

73
Q

General, and can lead to new testable hypotheses

A

theory

74
Q

Supported by a large body of evidence in comparison
to a hypothesis

A

theory

75
Q

the output, or product of a
process, regulates that very process

A

feedback regulation

76
Q

The most common form of regulation in living
organisms

A

negative feedback

77
Q

in which the
response reduces the initial stimulus

A

negative feedback

78
Q

in which an end product speeds up its
own production

A

positive feedback

Biology 1 (18 decks)

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