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Biology 1 > Chapter 10: Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Chapter 10: Photosynthesis Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The energy in the food you eat was
“captured” by plants during what

A

photosynthesis

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2
Q

You extract the energy via what

A

cellular respiration.

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3
Q

“self-feeders” that sustain
themselves without eating anything derived
from other organisms

A

autotrophs

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4
Q

using the energy of sunlight to make organic

A

photoautotrophs

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5
Q

Researchers are exploring methods of using
the photosynthetic process to produce what

A

alternative fuels

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6
Q

obtain organic material from other
organisms

A

heterotrophs

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7
Q

are the consumers of the biosphere

A

heterotrophs

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8
Q

consume dead organic material or feces

A

decomposers

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9
Q

Almost all heterotrophs, including humans,
depend on what for food and Oxygen

A

photoautotrophs

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10
Q

make up the highest plant productivity
on earth!

A

Marine and aquatic algae

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11
Q

are the major locations of photosynthesis in
plants

A

leaves

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12
Q

the interior tissue of the leaf

A

mesophyll

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13
Q

CO2 enters and O2 exits the leaf through microscopic pores called

A

stomata

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14
Q

dense fluid

A

stroma

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15
Q

are connected sacs in the chloroplast
that compose a third membrane system

A

thylakoids

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16
Q

the pigment that gives leaves their
green color, resides in the thylakoid membranes

A

chlorophyll

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17
Q

what kind of process is photosynthesis

A

endergonic process

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18
Q

are substances that absorb visible light

A

pigments

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19
Q

Wavelengths that are not absorbed are

A

reflected or transmitted

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20
Q

measures a pigment’s ability to absorb various wavelengths

A

spectrophotometer

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21
Q

sends light through pigments and
measures the fraction of light transmitted at each
wavelength

A

spectrophotometer

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22
Q

radiant energy

A

light

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23
Q

what does light exist as

A

photons

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24
Q

The complete range of light
is called the

A

electromagnetic spectrum

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25
Q

What happens when photons hit
an object?

A

1) They are reflected
2) Or they are absorbed
3) Or they pass right through
what they hit! (transmitted)

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26
Q

the key light-capturing pigment

A

Chlorophyll a

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27
Q

an accessory pigment

A

Chlorophyll b

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28
Q

may broaden the spectrum of colors that drive
photosynthesis

A

caroteniods

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29
Q

type of Chlorophyll b

A

caroteniods

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30
Q

they
absorb excessive light that would damage
chlorophyll or react with oxygen

A

photoprotection

31
Q

what happens when a pigment absorbs light?

A

it goes from a ground
state to an excited state, which is unstable

32
Q

When excited electrons fall back to the ground state, excess energy is released as what?

A

heat

33
Q

In isolation, some pigments also emit light, an
afterglow called what?

A

fluorecence

34
Q

what are the two main phases of Photosynthesis?

A

Photosystems and Calvin Cycle

35
Q

describe the light in photosystems

A

its dependent of RX

36
Q

what is the job of photosystems

A

Convert solar energy to chemical energy

37
Q

What are the products of photosystems

A

O2, ATP, NADPH

38
Q

describe the light the Calvin Cycle

A

its independent of RX

39
Q

where is the Calvin cycle located

A

Stroma (a dense fluid) in
Chloroplast

40
Q

what does the Calvin Cycle do

A

Carbon fixation produces glucose

41
Q

products of the Calvin cycle

A

glucose

42
Q

input of Calvin cycle

A

CO2
NADPH

43
Q

consists of a reaction-center
complex surrounded by light-harvesting complexes

A

photosystem

44
Q

consists of pigment
molecules bound to proteins

A

light-harvesting complex

45
Q

transfer the energy of
photons to the chlorophyll a molecules in the
reaction-center complex

A

light-harvesting complex

46
Q

accepts excited electrons and is reduced as a result

A

primary electron acceptor

47
Q

where is the primary electron acceptor located

A

the reaction center

48
Q

the first step of the light reactions

A

Solar-powered transfer of an electron from a
chlorophyll a molecule to the primary electron
acceptor

49
Q

two types of photosystems in the thylakoid
membrane

A

Photosystem II and Photosystem I

50
Q

what photosystem functions first

A

Photosystem II

51
Q

The reaction-center chlorophyll a of PS II is called what

A

P680

52
Q

why is the reaction-center chlorophyll a of PS II is called P680

A

because it is best at absorbing a wavelength of
680 nm

53
Q

reaction-center chlorophyll a of PS I is called what

A

P700

54
Q

electrons excited by sunlight energy release energy as electrons passed down ETC

A

photophosphorylation

55
Q

what does the linear equation electron flow use?

A

Utilizes both photosystem I & II

56
Q

what does the linear equation electron flow produce

A

NADPH & ATP in equal amounts

57
Q

what does the Cyclic Electron Flow use?

A

Only utilizes photosystem I

58
Q

what does the linear equation electron flow produce

A

Produces ATP – makes up difference needed for
Calvin Cycle

59
Q

what does the calvin cycle require more of?

A

ATP

60
Q

Photons w/ wavelengths of
680 nm excite electrons in what

A

PS II

61
Q

Produces additional ATP’s needed to
perform Calvin Cycle

A

Cyclic Electron Flow

62
Q

how does the cyclic electron produces additional ATP’s needed to
perform Calvin Cycle

A

Excited electrons from PS I enter into
previous ETC, which releases ATP as it
is passed along

63
Q

where is the calvin cycle located?

A

in the storma in chloroplast

64
Q

what is the impute for calvin cycle

A

CO2 and NADPH

65
Q

what is the calvin cycle output

A

glucose

66
Q

regenerates its starting material after molecules
enter and leave the cycle

A

calvin cycle

67
Q

how is the Calvin cycle anabolic?

A

its builds sugers from smaller molecules using ATP and NADPH

68
Q

where are Dark or Light Independent
reactions located?

A

stroma of chloroplast
highly regulated enzyme pathway
enzymes use ATP and NADPH to produce glucose
occur in the presence or absence of light

69
Q

three stages of calvin cycle

A

carbon fixation
reduction
regeneration of CO2 acceptor

70
Q

CO2 fixed from atmosphere by RuBP
catalyzed by enzyme Rubisco

A

carbon fixation

71
Q

ATP phosphorylation and NADPH reduction to form G3P (Glucose precursor)

A

Reduction

72
Q

Some G3P is phosphorylated by ATP in
order to reform RuBP

A

Regeneration of CO2 acceptor

73
Q

NAD+ & ADP reused by

A

photosystems I & II

74
Q

At high temps or during droughts, stomata stay closed.

A

leads to Photorespiration and a loss of productivit

Biology 1 (18 decks)

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