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ARRT (Ob/gyn US) > Chapter 31 Multiple Gestations > Flashcards

Chapter 31 Multiple Gestations Flashcards

1
Q

The demise of a twin can lead to the development of neurologic complications in the living twin as a result of:

A

Twin embolization syndrome

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2
Q

Least common form of monozygotic twinning?

A

Monochorionic monoamniotic

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3
Q

Ovulation induction drugs not only increase the likelihood of multiple gestations, but also increase the likelihood of:

A

Heterotopic pregnancies

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4
Q

Acardiac twinning results from:

A

Abnormal links between the placental vessels

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5
Q

Complication associated with multiple gestations:

A
  • Preterm delivery
  • Maternal anemia
  • Maternal preeclampsia
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6
Q

The most common form of monozygotic twins is:

A

Monochorionic diamniotic

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7
Q

________ can occur as a result of monozygotic twinning?

A
  • Monochorionic diamniotic twins
  • Monochorionic monoamniotic twins
  • Dichorionic diamniotic twins
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8
Q

What is the term for conjoined twins attached at the sacral region?

A

Pyopagus

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9
Q

Fraternal twin results from:

A

Dizygotic twinning

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10
Q

The twin that will appear larger in TTTs is the:

A

Recipient

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11
Q

The abnormal twin in acardiac twinning is also referred to as:

A

Parasitic twin

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12
Q

_______can occur as a result of dizygotic twinning

A

Dichorionic-diamniotic twins

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13
Q

TRAP syndrome may also be referred to :

A

Acardiac twinning

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14
Q

Factors that increase the likelihood of having multiple gestations include:

A
  • Advanced maternal age
  • Ovulation induction drugs
  • Maternal predisposition for twins
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15
Q

The shunting of blood from one twin to the other is termed:

A

Twin-twin transfusion syndrome
(TTTs)

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16
Q

What is a treatment that separates abnormal placental vascular connections between twins that are suffering from TTTs

A

Endoscopic-guided laser photocoagulation

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17
Q

The term that indicates the presence of two separate placentas is:

A

Dichorionic

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18
Q

The demise of a twin during the second or third trimester can lead to:

A

Twin embolization syndrome

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19
Q

Monozygotic twins result from:

A

A single zygote that splits

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20
Q

Conjoined twins that are attached at the abdomen are referred to as:

A

Omphalopagus

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21
Q

Typically, the first sonographic manifestation of TTTs is:

A

Discordant fetal growth

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22
Q

Twins having two placentas and two amniotic sacs are referred to:

A

Dichorionic diamniotic

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23
Q

Asymmetry in fetal weight between twins is indicative of:

A

Discordant growth

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24
Q

The sonographic exam of twins reveals a triangular extension of the placenta at the base of the membrane:

A

Dichorionic diamniotic twins

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25
Q

Identical twins result from:

A

Monozygotic twinning

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26
Q

Chorionicity refers to:

A

Number of placentas

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27
Q

Twins having one placenta and one amniotic sac are referred to as:

A

Monochorionic monoamniotic

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28
Q

Which term relates to the number of amniotic sacs?

A

Amnionicity

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29
Q

When a twin fetus, suffers from TTTs, experiences severe oligohydramnios and becomes closely adhered to the uterine wall?

A

Stuck twin

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30
Q

Twins having two placentas and one amniotic sac are referred to as:

A

Does not happen

31
Q

The term that indicates the presence of two separate amniotic sacs is:

A

Diamniotic

32
Q

Twins whose bodies are connected at some point are said to be:

33
Q

_______would not increase the likelihood of multiple gestations?

A

Gestational diabetes

34
Q

The outer membrane of the gestation is referred to as the:

35
Q

What condition is pregnancy-induced maternal high blood pressure and excess protein in the urine after 20 weeks gestation?

A

Preeclampsia

36
Q

Twins that result from the fertilization of two separate ova are called:

37
Q

The inner membrane surrounding the fetus is referred to as the:

38
Q

A newborn would most likely suffer from ______ if he/she were born prior to 32 weeks as a result of multiple gestation complications?

A

Pulmonary hypoplasia

39
Q

Twins that have the threat of being conjoined are:

A

Monochorionic monoamniotic

40
Q

What are sonographic signs of a dichorionic diamniotic gestation?

A
  • Twin peak sign
  • Lambda sign
  • Delta sign
41
Q

The _____, is the structure that forms the placenta

42
Q

_____twins arise from two separate zygotes

43
Q

______twins arise from single zygote

A

Monozygotic

44
Q

A fertilized egg is referred to as:

45
Q

With monochorionic monoamniotic twinning there is _______ placentas and ______ amniotic sacs

A

*Shared
*Shared

46
Q

With dichorionic diamniotic twinning there is ________ placentas and _______ sacs

A

*Separate
*Separate

47
Q

With monochorionic diamniotic twinning both twins _______ a placenta and have ______ amniotic sacs

A

*Share
*Separate

48
Q

The most common forms of conjoined twinning are:

A

Thoracopagus and omphalopagus

49
Q

Conjoined twins that are joined at the cranium are called:

A

Craniopagus

50
Q

Conjoined twins joined at the sacral region are called:

51
Q

Acardiac twinning is AKA:

A

Twin-reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP)

52
Q

With _______there is one normal fetus, the “pump twin” and an abnormally developed fetus containing no heart

A

Acardiac twinning

53
Q

With _______shunting occurs from one twin to the other

A

Twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTs)

54
Q

Dizygotic twining always results in ______ twins

A

Dichorionic diamniotic

55
Q

________ twins arise from a single zygote that splits

A

Monozygotic

56
Q

_______arise from two separate fertilized ova

A

Dizygotic twins

57
Q

If separate placentas are noted, then the pregnancy must be:

A

Dichorionic diamniotic

58
Q

There are three categories of monozygotic twins:

A

*Mono-Di
*Di-Di
*Mono-Mono

59
Q

Infants born with low birth weight and before 32 weeks gestation often suffer from:

A

Pulmonary hypoplasia with episodes of hypoxia

60
Q

________at the time of birth can cause tiny, fragile blood vessels within the immature brain to rupture

61
Q

The death of a twin and subsequent reabsorption of the embryo during the first trimester is called:

A

Vanishing twin

62
Q

If the fetus dies in the first trimester and is maintained throughout the pregnancy is called:

A

Fetus papyraceus

63
Q

The death of a _______ twin during the second or third trimester can lead to life-threatening problems in the surviving twin

A

Monochorionic

64
Q

With ______twins the surviving twin is rarely affected by the death of the other

A

Dichorionic

65
Q

The death of a _______twin during the first trimester frequently leads to the death of the other twin

A

Monochorionic

66
Q

Vascular products travel from the demised twin to the surviving twin by means of the common vascular channels within the shared placenta is called:

A

Twin embolization syndrome

67
Q

The presence of one yolk sac and two fetuses is indicative of a ______ gestation

A

Monoamniotic

68
Q

The presence of two yolk sacs is indicative of a ______ gestation

A

Diamniotic

69
Q

During the first trimester ______ twins, will have a thick membrane separating the two amniotic sacs

A

Dichorionic

70
Q

_______twins will have a thin membrane or no membrane at all between them

A

Monochorionic

71
Q

_______are referred to as fraternal twins because they have their own genetic structure and can differ from each other in many ways

A

Dizygotic twins

72
Q

Sonographic findings of Acardiac twin

A
  1. Normal pump twin
  2. Acardiac twin-absent upper body, absent heart and hydrops
73
Q

Sonographic findings of twin-twin syndrome

A
  1. Monochorionic twinning
  2. Discordant fetal growth
  3. Oligohydramnios around donor twin
  4. Polyhydramnios around recipient twin
  5. Recipient may be hydropic

ARRT (Ob/gyn US) (18 decks)

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