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ARRT (Ob/gyn US) > Chapter 18 The Ovaries And Fallopian Tubes > Flashcards

Chapter 18 The Ovaries And Fallopian Tubes Flashcards

1
Q

The inner layer of the wall of the fallopian tube is the:

A

Mucosal layer

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2
Q

Hairlike projections within the fallopian tube are called:

A

Cilia

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3
Q

Blood within the fallopian tube is termed:

A

Hematosalpinx

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4
Q

The longest and most tortuous segment of the fallopian tube is the:

A

Ampulla

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5
Q

The fingerlike extension of the fallopian tube are called:

A

Fimbria

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6
Q

The short and narrow segment of the fallopian tube distal to the interstitial segment is the:

A

Isthmus

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7
Q

_____is the most common malignancy of the ovary

A

Serous cystadenocarcinoma

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8
Q

Pus within the fallopian tube is termed:

A

Pyosalpinx

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9
Q

The ovarian cyst associated with gestational trophoblastic disease is the:

A

Theca lutein cyst

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10
Q

A patient with an ovarian mass presents with an elevated serum AFP. Could be what?

A

Yolk sac tumor

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11
Q

What ovarian tumor will most likely have a moth-eaten appearance on sonography?

A

Krukenberg tumor

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12
Q

_______ and _______ are estrogen-producing ovarian tumors?

A

Thecoma and grandulosa cell tumor

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13
Q

_____is the most common malignant germ cell tumor of the ovary

A

Dysgerminoma

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14
Q

______is a malignant germ cell tumor of the ovary

A

Yolk sac tumor

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15
Q

_____is a physiologic (functional) cyst that develops after ovulation has occurred

A

Corpus luteum cyst

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16
Q

______are ovarian tumors that arise from the gonadal ridges

A

Sex cord-stromal tumors

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17
Q

Pelvic pain at the time of ovulation is termed:

A

Mittelschmerz

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18
Q

What ovarian mass is associated with virization?

A

Sertoli-leydig cell tumor

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19
Q

______is a tumor of ectopic endometrial tissue?

A

Endometrioma

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20
Q

The ovarian tumor associated with an elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase is the:

A

Dysgerminoma

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21
Q

______is also referred to as a chocolate cyst?

A

Endometrioma

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22
Q

The malignant ovarian mass that is associated with pseudomyxoma peritonei is the:

A

Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

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23
Q

The malignant ovarian tumor with gastrointestinal origin is the:

A

Krukenberg tumor

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24
Q

What would be a predisposing condition that would increase the risk for suffering from ovarian torsion ?

A

Ovarian mass

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25
Q

Normal ovarian flow is said to be:

A

High resistant during menstruation and low resistant at the time of ovulation

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26
Q

Formula for calculating ovarian volume:

A

Length X Width X Height X 0.5233

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27
Q

After the Graafian follicle ruptures, the remaining structure is termed the:

A

Corpus luteum

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28
Q

The dominant follicle prior to ovulation is termed the:

A

Graafian follicle

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29
Q

The cystic mass commonly noted with a pregnancy is the:

A

Corpus luteum

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30
Q

The ovarian cysts that are most often bilateral and are associated with markedly evevated levels of hCG are the:

A

Theca lutein cysts

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31
Q

The ovarian mass that contains fat, sebum, and teeth is the:

A

Dermoid

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32
Q

The most common benign ovarian tumor is the:

A

Cystic teratoma

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33
Q

During a pelvic sonogram, you visualize a small cyst location adjacent to the ovary. What is the most likely etiology of this cyst?

A

Paraovarian cyst

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34
Q

Sonographically, what would most likely be confused for a pedunculated fibroid tumor because of its solid appearing structure?

A

Fibroma

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35
Q

With what ovarian tumor is Meigs syndrome most likely associated?

A

Fibroma

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36
Q

An endometrioma most likely appears as a:

A

Mostly cystic mass with low-level echoes

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37
Q

_____is associated with the “whirlpool sign”

A

Ovarian torsion

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38
Q

What substance does hysterosalpingography utilize for the visualization of the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes?

A

Radiographic contrast

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39
Q

The segment of the fallopian tube where fertilization typically occurs is the:

A

Ampulla

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40
Q

The most distal part of the fallopian tube is the:

A

Infundibulum

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41
Q

_____is the corpus luteum that is maintained during an early pregnancy for the purpose of producing estrogen and primarily progesterone

A

Corpus luteum of pregnancy

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42
Q

_____is the most common malignancy of the ovary

A

Serous cystadenocarcinoma

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43
Q

Sertoli-leydig tumors are found more often in women younger than:

A
  • 30 years but may be seen in older patients
  • May be malignant
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44
Q

______is a malignant sex cord-stromal ovarian neoplasm that is associated with virilization

A

Sertoli-leydig cell tumor

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45
Q

_____is a malignant ovarian tumor that has most likely metastasized from the gastrointestinal tract

A

Krukenberg tumor

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46
Q

Follicular cysts range in size from _____, however larger cysts can occur

A

3 to 8cm

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47
Q

Ovarian volume can be determined sonographically by using the formula:

A

Volume= Length X Width X Height X 0.5233

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48
Q

Another name for endometriomas is:

A

Chocolate cysts

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49
Q

Fibromas are most often found in women who are:

A

Middle aged

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50
Q

The primary role of the fimbria is to:

A

Draw the unfertilized egg into the tube

51
Q

The fingerlike projections that extend from the infundibulum are the:

A

Fimbria

52
Q

The _____ is the longest and most tortuous segment of the fallopian tube

A

Ampulla

53
Q

Within the cornu if the uterus lies the intramural extension of the fallopian tube known as the:

A

Interstitial segment

54
Q

The fallopian tubes consist of three layers:

A

*The outer serosa
*Middle muscular layer
*Inner mucosal layer

55
Q

______is a benign, blood-containing tumor that is associated with endometriosis and forms from the implantation of ectopic endometrial tissue

A

Endometrioma

56
Q

Granulosa cell tumors can each sizes up to _____ and do have malignant potential

A

40 cm

57
Q

_____is considered to be the most common estrogenic tumor

A

Granulosa cell tumor

58
Q

Larger paraovarian cysts may cause:

A

Ovarian torsion

59
Q

______are small cysts located adjacent to the ovary and most likely arise from the fallopian tubes or broad ligaments

A

Paraovarian cysts

60
Q

Should the Graafian follicle fall to ovulate, it could continue to enlarge and result in a:

A

Follicular cyst

61
Q

______describes the condition of having a benign ovarian tumor with ascites and pleural effusion

A

Meigs syndrome

62
Q

____has been used to describe the visualization of hair within the mass

A

Dermoid mesh

63
Q

_______are composed of ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

A

Ovarian cystic teratoma

64
Q

The most common benign ovarian tumor is the:

A

Ovarian cystic teratoma (dermoid cyst)

65
Q

Endometrioid tumor are most often seen in women in their:

A

5th and 6th decade of life

66
Q

_____is typically malignant ovarian tumor that is often associated with a history of endometrial cancer, endometriosis and endometrial hyperplasia

A

Endometrioid tumor

67
Q

A yolk sac tumor occurs in females younger than:

A

*20 years of age
*Highly malignant
*Poor prognosis

68
Q

______is the second-most common malignant germ cell tumor AKA endodermal sinus tumor

A

Yolk sac tumor

69
Q

Hydrosalpinx appears _______

A

Anechoic

70
Q

The right ovarian vein drains into the _______

A

IVC

71
Q

The left ovarian vein drains into the:

A

Left renal vein

72
Q

The ovarian arteries are branches of the:

A

Abdominal aorta

73
Q

The medulla contains the (ovary):

A

Ovarian vasculature and lymphatics

74
Q

The cortex involves the (ovary):

A

Mass of the ovary and is the site of oogenesis

75
Q

The ovaries are stimulated by:

A

Follicle-stimulating hormone

76
Q

The ovum is contained within the:

A

Cumulus oophorus of the dominant follicle

77
Q

Simple serous fluid within the tube is termed _______

A

Hydrosalpinx

78
Q

Pyosalpinx and hematosalpinx have internal components and may appear _________

A

Echogenic or have a fluid-fluid level

79
Q

After the Graafian follicle has ruptured, its structure is converted in the:

A

Corpus luteum

80
Q

During the second half of the menstrual cycle the corpus luteum produces:

A

Progesterone and small amounts of estrogen

81
Q

The fallopian tubes may also become inflamed die to infection, which is termed:

A

Salpingitis

82
Q

_____is released by the anterior pituitary gland, to develop multiple follicles during the first half of the menstrual cycle (follicular phase)

A

Follicle-stimulating hormone

83
Q

The fallopian tubes may be referred to as:

A
  • Oviduts
  • Uterine tubes
  • Salpinges
84
Q

Dysgerminomas arise more often in patients younger than:

A

30 years of age and may be found in pregnancy

85
Q

Clinical findings of corpus luteum cysts and corpus luteum of pregnancy

A
  1. Asymptomatic
  2. Pain associated with hemorrhage and enlargement of cyst
  3. Corpus luteum of pregnancy accompanies a pregnancy
86
Q

Clinical findings of theca lutien cysts (4)

A
  1. elevated levels of hCG
  2. Nausea and vomiting
  3. Pelvic fullness
  4. Pain associated with hemorrhage, rupture and ovarian torsion
87
Q

Clinical findings of paraovarian cysts (2):

A
  1. Asymptomatic
  2. If cyst is large, patients may present with pelvic pain and increase lower abdominal girth
88
Q

Clinical findings of a cystic teratoma (2)

A
  1. Asymptomatic
  2. If torsion or rupture occurs = acute pelvic pain
89
Q

Clinical findings of a thecoma

A
  1. Asymptomatic
  2. Postmenopausal vaginal bleeding or abnormal vaginal bleeding
  3. Meigs syndrome (ascites and pleural effusion)
90
Q

Clinical findings of Granulosa cell tumors (2):

A
  1. Adolescence-Pseudo precocious puberty
  2. Reproductive-aged and postmenopausal women will have abnormal vaginal bleeding
91
Q

Clinical findings of a fibroma

A
  1. May be asymptomatic
  2. Meigs syndrome (ascites and pleural effusion)
92
Q

Clinical findings of a Brenner tumor (2):

A
  1. May be asymptomatic
  2. Meigs syndrome (ascites and pleural effusion)
93
Q

Clinical findings of endometriomas (7):

A
  1. May be asymptomatic
  2. Pelvic pain
  3. Infertility
  4. Dysmenorrhea
  5. Menorrhagia
  6. Dyspareunia
  7. Painful bowel movement (dyschezia)
94
Q

Clinical findings of a serous cystadenoma

A
  1. Patient are often asymptomatic
95
Q

Clinical findings of a mucinous cystadenoma

A
  1. Pelvic pressure and swelling
96
Q

Clinical findings of serous and mucinous cystadenocarcinoma (6):

A
  1. Weight loss
  2. Pelvic pressure and swelling
  3. Abnormal vaginal bleeding
  4. Gastrointestinal symptoms
  5. Acute abdominal pain associated with torsion or rupture
  6. Elevated CA-125
97
Q

Clinical findings of a krukenberg tumor (4):

A
  1. Asymptomatic
  2. History of gastric or colon cancer
  3. Possible weight loss
  4. Pelvic pain
98
Q

Clinical findings of Sertoli-leydig cell tumor (3):

A
  1. Virilization
  2. Abnormal menstruation
  3. Hirsutism
99
Q

Clinical findings of dysgerminoma (3):

A
  1. Children-pseudoprecocious puberty
  2. Elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase
  3. Possible elevated serum hCG
100
Q

Clinical findings of yolk sac tumor

A
  1. Elevation of serum AFP
101
Q

Clinical findings of ovarian torsion

A
  1. Acute abdominal or pelvic pain
  2. Nausea and vomiting
  3. Slight leukocytosis
102
Q

Clinical findings of endometrioid tumor (1):

A
  1. History of endometrial cancer or endometriosis
103
Q

Clinical findings of follicular cysts (2):

A
  1. Asymptomatic
  2. Pain associated with hemorrhage and enlargement of cyst
104
Q

Sonographic findings of theca lutein cysts (4):

A
  1. Large
  2. bilateral
  3. multiloculated
  4. hemorrhagic components
105
Q

Sonographic findings of paraovarian cysts

A
  1. Simple cyst located adjacent, but not attached to the ovary
  2. If hemorrhagic, will appear complex
106
Q

Sonographic findings of a thecoma(3):

A
  1. Hypoechoic, solid mass with posterior attenuation
  2. No posterior enhancement
  3. If large = mimic pedunculated leiomyoma
107
Q

Sonographic findings of Granulosa cell tumors (2):

A
  1. Solid, hypoechoic mass
  2. Complex or partially cystic mass
108
Q

Sonographic findings of a fibroma

A
  1. Hypoechoic, solid mass with posterior attenuation
  2. No posterior enhancement
  3. If large, it may mimic a pedunculated leiomyoma
109
Q

Sonographic findings of a brenner tumor (2):

A
  1. Small, solid, hypoechoic mass
  2. May contain calcifications
110
Q

Sonographic appearance of a serous cystadenoma

A
  1. Anechoic lesion
  2. septations/Debris
  3. papillary projections
111
Q

Sonographic appearance of a mucinous cystadenoma

A
  1. Large, predominately anechoic lesion that contains septations and/or papillary projections
  2. May contain some recognizable internal echo-genic, layering debris
112
Q

Sonographic appearance of serous cystadenocarcinoma

A
  1. Large, multilocular cystic masses
  2. Papillary projections and septations are often noted within the mass
  3. Ascites
113
Q

Sonographic findings of a krukenberg tumor (5):

A
  1. Bilateral
  2. smooth-walled
  3. hypoechoic/hyperechoic ovarian masses
  4. “Moth-eaten” appearance (solid mass containing cystic spaces)
  5. Ascites
114
Q

Sonographic findings of sertoli-leydig cell tumors

A
  1. Solid, hypoechoic ovarian mass
  2. Complex or partially cystic mass
115
Q

Sonographic findings of dysgerminoma (2):

A
  1. Ovoid, solid echogenic mass on the ovary
  2. May contain some cystic components
116
Q

Sonographic findings of yolk sac tumor

A
  1. Homogeneous echogenic mass or complex mass
  2. Varying sonographic appearances
117
Q

Sonographic findings of endometrioid tumor (2):

A
  1. Complex mass with solid components
  2. Cystic mass with papillary projections
118
Q

Sonographic findings of ovarian torsion (4):

A
  1. Enlarged ovary
  2. Lack of or diminished flow
  3. “Whirlpool” sign
  4. Excessive free fluid
119
Q

Sonographic findings of the normal ovary is:

A
  1. Homogenous with a medium to low level echogenicity
120
Q

Sonographic findings of a cystic teratoma

A
  1. Complex, partially cystic mass
  2. “Tip of the iceberg” sign
  3. Dermoid plug= posterior shadowing
  4. Dermoid mesh=produced by hair and will appear as numerous linear interfaces
121
Q

Sonographic findings of corpus luteum cysts and corpus luteum of pregancy

A
  1. Simple cyst
  2. thick wall be completely echogenic and may be difficult to differentiate from other solid and cystic adnexal masses
  3. Hemorrhagic = complex or have a web-like or lacy appearance
122
Q

Sonographic findings of endometriomas

A
  1. Cystic mass with low-level internal echoes (may resemble a hemorrhagic cyst)
  2. Anechoic or complex
  3. posterior enhancement
  4. may have a fluid-fluid level
123
Q

Sonographic appearance of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma (5):

A
  1. Large, multilocular cystic mass
  2. Papillary projections
  3. septations
  4. Echogenic material
  5. Pseudomyoma peritonei (complex ascites)

ARRT (Ob/gyn US) (18 decks)

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