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ARRT (Ob/gyn US) > Chapter 27 The Fetal Heart And Chest > Flashcards

Chapter 27 The Fetal Heart And Chest Flashcards

1
Q

A coexisting pericardial effusion and a pleural effusion is consistent with the diagnosis of:

A

Fetal hydrops

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2
Q

The fetal heart is fully formed by:

A

10 weeks

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3
Q

The chamber closest to the fetal spine is the _______

A

Left atrium

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4
Q

The blood returning from the lungs through the pulmonary veins enters into the:

A

Left atrium

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5
Q

What structure shunts blood into the IVC from the umbilical vein?

A

Ductus venosus

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6
Q

What is the normal opening in the lower middle third of the atrial septum?

A

Foramen ovale

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7
Q

______is considered to be the most common cardiac defect

A

VSD

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8
Q

Fetal lung maturity can be assessed using the:

A

LS ratio

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9
Q

The mitral valve is located:

A

Between the left ventricle and the left atrium

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10
Q

The sonographic “bat wing” sign means:

A

Pleural effusion

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11
Q

The visualization of the fetal stomach within the fetal chest is most indicative of:

A

Diaphragmatic hernia

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12
Q

Eventration of the diaphragm is best described as:

A

A lack of muscle in the dome of the diaphragm

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13
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot consists of :

A

*Overriding aortic root
*VSD
*Pulmonary stenosis

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14
Q

The embryonic heart begins as:

A

Two tubes

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15
Q

The most common sonographic appearance of pulmonary sequestration is:

A

Triangular, echogenic (bright) mass within the chest

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16
Q

The tricuspid valve is located:

A

Between the right ventricle and the right atrium

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17
Q

A separate mass of nonfunctioning fetal lung tissue is referred to as:

A

Pulmonary sequestration

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18
Q

The most common cause of cardiac malposition is:

A

Diaphragmatic hernia

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19
Q

The moderator band is located within the:

A

Right ventricle

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20
Q

The most common form of diaphragmatic hernia is the:

A

Foramen of Bochdalek

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21
Q

The condition in which the heart is located outside the chest wall is termed:

A

Ectopic cordis

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22
Q

The normal heart will fill approximately ______ of the fetal chest

A

One-third

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23
Q

The accumulation of fluid around the lungs is termed:

A

Pleural effusion

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24
Q

What is the fetal shunt that connects the pulmonary artery to the aortic arch?

A

Ductus Arteriosis

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25
Q

Sonographic features of pentalogy of cantrell:

A

*Omphalocele
*Cleft Sternum
*Diaphragmatic defect

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26
Q

The most common fetal cardiac tumor is the:

A

Rhabdomyoma

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27
Q

An EIF would most likely be associated with:

A

Trisomy 21

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28
Q

What is the term for underdevelopment of the lungs?

A

Pulmonary hypoplasia

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29
Q

An EIF is most often seen within the:

A

Left ventricle

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30
Q

The narrowing of the aortic arch is indicative of:

A

Coarctation of the aorta

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31
Q

What is an opening within the septum that separates the right and the left ventricles?

A

VSD

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32
Q

Sonographic signs of Ebstein anomaly

A

Narrowing of the aortic arch

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33
Q

A group of anomalies characterized by a small or an absent right ventricle is:

A

Hypoplastic right heart syndrome

34
Q

A group of anomalies characterized by a small or absent left ventricle is:

A

Turner syndrome

35
Q

What is the opening located right anteromedially within the diaphragm?

A

Foramen of Morgagni

36
Q

The absence of the pulmonary valve, which in turn prohibits blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery and into the lungs?

A

Pulmonary atresia

37
Q

With Ebstein anomaly the right ventricle is contiguous with the right atrium a finding referred to as:

A

“Atrialized” right ventricle

38
Q

Malformation or mispositioning of the tricuspid valve results in:

A

Ebstein anomaly

39
Q

The umbilical vein travels superiorly and connects to the:

A

Left portal vein

40
Q

The vein entering the umbilicus brings:

A

Oxygen-rich blood from the placenta to the fetus

41
Q

The normal umbilical cord contains _______arteries and _______vein

A

*Two
*One

42
Q

Left ventricular outflow tract leads to the:

A

Aorta

43
Q

The right ventricular outflow tract leads to the:

A

Pulmonary artery and branches

44
Q

The central portion of the heart is referred to as the:

A

Endocardial cushion

45
Q

The combination of both atrial and VSDs is termed:

A

Atrioventricular defect

46
Q

_______is an abnormal opening in the septum between the two atria of the heart

A

Atrial septal defects (ASD)

47
Q

_______is the narrowing of the aortic arch

A

Coarctation of the aorta

48
Q

When the pulmonary artery abnormally arises from the left ventricle and the aorta abnormally arises from the right ventricle is called:

A

Transposition of the great vessels

49
Q

The fetal heart begins to contract at _______ days of gestation

A

36 to 37

50
Q

The thymus is located anterior to the _______

A

Mediastinum

51
Q

The most common location of a diaphragmatic hernia is on the _________

A

Left side

52
Q

The most common fetal cardiac tumor is the ________

A

Rhabdomyoma

53
Q

______is a mass consisting of abnormal bronchial and lungs tissue

A

Cystic adenomatoid malformation (CAM)

54
Q

Cystic adenomatoid malformation is AKA:

A

Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM)

55
Q

Fluid surrounding the lungs is referred to as:

A

Pleural effusion (hydrothorax)

56
Q

______is fluid located around the heart

A

Pericardial effusion

57
Q

Functional fetal lung tissue does not typically exist until after ________

A

25 weeks

58
Q

_______is a genetic disorder characterized by an absent or a hypoplastic thymus

A

DiGeorge syndrome

59
Q

The most common reason for fetal cardiac malposition is the existence of a ________

A

Diaphragmatic hernia

60
Q

_______results in an abnormal opening in the fetal diaphragm that allows the herniation of abdominal contents into the chest cavity

A

Diaphragmatic hernia

61
Q

_______is a separate mass of nonfunctioning lung tissue with its own blood supply

A

Pulmonary sequestration (Bronchopulmonary)

62
Q

_______is caused by a decreased number of lung cells, airway and alveoli

A

Pulmonary hypoplasia

63
Q

______is a group of anomalies that combines ectopic cordis and an existing omphalocele

A

Pentalogy of cantrell

64
Q

______is an abnormal opening in the septum between the two ventricles of the heart

A

Ventricular septal defect

65
Q

Sonographic findings of a diaphragmatic hernia

A
  1. Malposition of the heart
  2. Anechoic stomach bubble noted adjacent to the four-chamber heart view
  3. Other abdominal organs, including the liver, pancreas, and spleen may be located along the chest
66
Q

Sonographic findings of pulmonary sequestration

A
  1. Echogenic, triangular-shaped mass within the fetal chest
  2. Pleural effusion may be present
67
Q

Sonographic findings of ventricular septal defects

A
  1. Absence of part of the ventricular septum
  2. Color doppler is helpful at detecting small defects
68
Q

Sonographic findings of atrial septal defects

A
  1. Absent part of the atrial septum
  2. Color doppler is helpful at detecting small defects
69
Q

Sonographic findings of atrioventricular septal defects

A
  1. Absence of the atrial and ventricular septum
  2. Color doppler findings are helpful at shadowing mixture of flow patterns
70
Q

Sonographic findings of coarctation of the aorta

A
  1. Narrowing of the aortic arch
  2. Right ventricular enlargement
  3. Pulmonary artery enlargement
71
Q

Sonographic findings of tetralogy of fallot

A
  1. Overriding aortic root
  2. VSD
  3. Pulmonary stenosis
  4. Right ventricular hypertrophy
72
Q

Sonographic findings of an echogenic intracardiac focus

A
  1. Echogenic structure most commonly located within the left ventricle
73
Q

Sonographic findings of a rhabdomyoma

A
  1. Echogenic tumor(s) within the myocardium of the heart
74
Q

Sonographic findings of pericardial effusion

A
  1. Anechoic fluid surrounding the heart
75
Q

Sonographic findings of ectopic cordis

A
  1. Heart location either partially or complerely outside the chest
76
Q

Sonographic findings of pleural effusion

A
  1. Anechoic fluid surrounding the fetal lung(s) “bat-wing” sign
  2. Other signs of hydrops may be present
77
Q

Sonographic findings of hypoplastic right heart syndrome

A
  1. Absent or small right ventricle
  2. Enlarged left ventricle
  3. Fetal hydrops (secondary to cardiac failure)
  4. Narrowing of the pulmonary valve
78
Q

Sonographic findings of transposition of the great vessels

A
  1. The pulmonary artery abnormally arises from the left ventricle and the aorta abnormally
  2. The outflow tracts will be positioned parallel to each other rather than crisscrossing
  3. VSD may be present
79
Q

Sonographic findings of Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

A
  1. Absent or small left ventricle
  2. No communication between the left atrium and the left ventricle
  3. Aortic atresia (possibly)
  4. Aortic stenosis (possibly)
  5. Coarctation of the aorta
80
Q

Sonographic findings of Ebstein anomaly

A
  1. Mispositioned tricuspid valve
  2. Right and left atrial shunting
  3. Tricuspid regurgitation
  4. Enlarged right atrium
  5. Deviation of the atrial septum to the left
  6. Fetal hydrops (secondary to cardiac failure)

ARRT (Ob/gyn US) (18 decks)

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