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ARRT (Ob/gyn US) > Chapter 15 Gynecologic Overview > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Gynecologic Overview Flashcards

1
Q

Leukocytosis would most likely be associated with:

A

PID

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2
Q

Endovaginal transducers may be cleaned by submerging in a(n) _____based solution

A

Glu-tara-lde-hyde

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3
Q

What diagnostic tests is used to evaluate emitted radiation from the patient to assess the function of organs?

A

Nuclear medicine

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4
Q

_____is an infection of the female genital tract that may involve the ovaries, uterus, and/or the fallopian tubes

A

PID

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5
Q

______is best defined as regular timed menses but light flow?

A

Hypomenorrhea

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6
Q

_____is best defined as abnormally heavy menstrual flow

A

Menorrhagia

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7
Q

_____would be caused by a large acoustic interface and subsequent production of false echoes?

A

Reverberation

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8
Q

Amenorrhea is defined as:

A

Lack of menstrual flow

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9
Q

Precocious puberty is best defined as:

A

Pubertal development before the age of 8

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10
Q

_____would be the least likely to cause abdominal distention?

A

Polycystic ovarian disease

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11
Q

What Doppler artifact occurs when the Doppler sampling rate is not high enough to display the Doppler shift frequency?

A

Aliasing

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12
Q

What artifact could be noted emanating from air or gas within the endometrium in a patient with endometritis?

A

Ring down

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13
Q

The breast cancer drug that inhibits the effects of estrogen in the breast is:

A

Tamoxifen

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14
Q

Malignant ovarian tumors may leak mucinous material and this condition is known as:

A

Pseudomyxoma peritonei

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15
Q

_____is best described as an artifact that is produced by a string reflector and results in a copy of the anatomy being placed deeper than location

A

Mirror image

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16
Q

What artifact would be seen posterior to a tooth within a cystic teratoma?

A

Shadowing

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17
Q

Best way to communicate with a patient who speaks a language other than your own is to:

A

Use a trained medical interpreter

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18
Q

When does the CDC recommend that alcohol-based handrub not be used by the sonographer?

A

When hands are visibly soiled

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19
Q

_____most often leads to an elevation of CA-125

A

Ovarian carcinoma

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20
Q

What abnormality results from the ovary twisting on its mesenteric connection?

A

PID

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21
Q

The area location posterior to the broad ligaments and adjacent to the uterus is called:

A

Adnexa

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22
Q

What term relates to the number of pregnancies a patient has had:

A

Gravida

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23
Q

_____is best defined as difficult or painful menstruation

A

Dysmenorrhea

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24
Q

Having the same echogencity means:

A

Isoechoic

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25
Q

_____is best defined as intermenstrual bleeding

A

Metrorrhagia

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26
Q

What lab test may be used as a tumor marker for an ovarian dysgerminoma?

A

Lactate dehydrogenase

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27
Q

_______is defined as excessive hair growth in women in areas where hair growth is normally negligible?

A

Hirsutism

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28
Q

______is defined as pain during intercourse

A

Dyspareunia

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29
Q

The “S” in STAR criteria stands for:

A

Smooth walls

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30
Q

What term describes the echogenicity of a simple ovarian cysts?

A

Anechoic

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31
Q

A diagnostic modality that utilizes ionizing radiation to produce images of the human body in cross-sectional and reconstructed 3D formats

A

Computed tomography

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32
Q

A tumor marker in the blood that can indicate certain types of cancers such as cancer of the ovary, endometrium, breast, gastrointestinal tract and lungs

A

CA-125 (cancer antigen)

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33
Q

A collection of abdominal fluid within the peritoneal cavity:

A

Ascites

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34
Q

The absence of menstruation:

A

Amenorrhea

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35
Q

The area located posterior to the broad ligaments, adjacent to the uterus, which contains the ovaries and fallopian tubes

A

Adnexa

36
Q

A protein produced by the fetal yolk sac, fetal gastrointestinal tract and the fetal liver; may also produced by some malignant tumors

A

Alpha-fetoprotein

37
Q

Painful or difficult urination:

A

Dysuria

38
Q

Painful or difficult intercourse:

A

Dyspareunia

39
Q

Difficult or painful menstruation:

A

Dysmenorrhea

40
Q

The sonographic appearance of a structure:

A

Echotexture

41
Q

A means of looking inside the human body by utilizing an endoscope:

A

Endoscopy

42
Q

A hormone produced by the trophoblastic cells of the early placenta, may also be used as a tumor marker in nongravid patients and males:

A

hCG

43
Q

Excessive hair growth in women in areas where hair growth is normally negligible:

A

Hirsutism

44
Q

A lab value that indicates that indicates the amount of RBC in blood:

A

Hematocrit

45
Q

The dilation of the renal collecting system resulting from the obstruction of the flow of urine from the kidney(s) to the bladder:

A

Hydronephrosis

46
Q

Decreased or scant menstrual flow; regular timed menses but light flow:

A

Hypomenorrhea

47
Q

A common form of birth control in which a small device is placed within the endometrium to prevent pregnancy:

A

Intrauterine device

48
Q

A diagnostic modality that utilizes electromagnetic radiation to produce images of the human body in cross-sectional and reconstruction 3D formats :

A

Magnetic resonance imaging

49
Q

An elevated white blood cell count:

A

Leukocytosis

50
Q

A breast cancer drug that inhibits the effects of estrogen in the breast:

A

Tamoxifen

51
Q

Having one chamber or compartment:

A

Unilocular

52
Q

Irregular menstrual bleeding between periods; intermenstrual bleeding

A

Metrorrhagia

53
Q

An anechoic, round mass that has smooth walls and demonstrates through transmission

A

Simple cyst

54
Q

A sonographic procedure that uses saline instillation into the endometrial cavity and fallopian tubes to evaluate for internal abnormalities:

A

Sonohysterogram

55
Q

Sonogram that requires the transducer be placed against the labia, often used for imaging of the cervix:

A

Translabial sonogram

56
Q

Changes within the female that are caused by increased androgens; may lead to deepening of the voice and hirsutism:

A

Virilization

57
Q

A diagnostic imaging modality that uses ionizing radiation for imaging bones, organs and some soft tissue structures:

A

Radiography

58
Q

A syndrome characterized by anovulatory cycles, infertility, hirsutism, amenorrhea and obesity; may also be referred to as Stein-Leventhal syndrome:

A

Polycystic ovary syndrome

59
Q

An infection of the female genital tract that may involve the ovaries, uterus, and/or the fallopian tubes:

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease

60
Q

The abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity:

A

Pleural effusion

61
Q

A diagnostic imaging modality that utilizes the administration of radionuclides into the human body for an analysis of the function of organs:

A

Nuclear medicine

62
Q

An enzyme found within the blood that may be used to monitor renal function; may also be used as a tumor marker for some ovarian tumors:

A

Lactate dehydrogenase

63
Q

Growth or masses attached to the wall of a structure, most likely a cyst:

A

Mural nodules

64
Q

Endovaginal transducers can be soaked in a _______, most likely a _______ solution

A

*High-level disinfectant
*Glutaraldehyde-based

65
Q

______is an abnormality that results from the ovary twisting on its mesenteric connections, consequently cutting off the blood supply to the ovary

A

Ovarian torsion

66
Q

The most common disorder of sex development is _______

A

Turner syndrome (monosomy X)

67
Q

Ovarian and uterine masses may become large enough to obstruct the flow of urine from the kidney(s) to the bladder, resulting in:

A

Hydronephrosis

68
Q

_____is an intraperitoneal extension of much-secreting cells that result, from the rupture of a malignant mucinous ovarian tumor or possibly a malignant tumor of the appendix

A

Pseudomyxoma peritonei

69
Q

_____is between the urinary bladder and uterus also called the vesicouterine pouch in females

A

Anterior cul-de-sac

70
Q

_____between the uterus and rectum, also referred to as pouch of Douglas and rectouterine pouch

A

Posterior cul-de-sac

71
Q

______between the urinary bladder and rectum; also referred to as the rectovesical pouch in males

A

Posterior cul-de-sac

72
Q

Endovaginal transducers also have varying frequencies, but are typically _______

A

7.5 MHz or higher

73
Q

________ extend alongside the ascending and descending colon on both sides of the abdomen

A

Paracolic gutters

74
Q

Standard precautions, formerly referred to as universal precautions, include:

A

*Hand hygiene
*Use of PPE
*Safe injection practices
*Safe handling of potentially contaminated equipment and surfaces
*Respiratory hygiene and coughing etiquette

75
Q

An advantage of ______is that if offers improved resolution of the endometrium, uterus and ovaries, especially in the obese patient

A

Endovaginal imaging

76
Q

_____is between the pubic bone and urinary bladder

A

Retropubic space (space of Retzius)

77
Q

_____is a condition in which the newborns external genitalia are neither recognizably male nor female

A

Ambiguous genitalia

78
Q

_______the distinct layering of fluids within a cyst or cystic structure that is caused by the presence of at least two different fluid compositions

A

Fluid-fluid level

79
Q

Transducers that may be used for pelvic sonographic include:

A

*Linear array
*Matrix array
*Curved or convex array
*Phased array
*Vector array
*Sector array

80
Q

Excessive or prolonged bleeding between periods:

A

Menometrorrhagia

81
Q

Abnormally heavy and prolonged menstruation:

A

Menorrhagia

82
Q

Separations; structures that divide something into separate sections

A

Septations

83
Q

Ascites and pleural effusion in the presence of some benign ovarian tumors

A

Meigs syndrome

84
Q

A mass of tissue that contains abnormal cells; also called a tumor

A

Neoplasm

85
Q

Having multiple chambers or compartments:

A

Multiloculated

86
Q

What does “meno-“ mean?

A

Heavy

87
Q

What does “metro-“ mean?

A

Irregular

ARRT (Ob/gyn US) (18 decks)

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