Chapter 15 Gynecologic Overview Flashcards
Leukocytosis would most likely be associated with:
PID
Endovaginal transducers may be cleaned by submerging in a(n) _____based solution
Glu-tara-lde-hyde
What diagnostic tests is used to evaluate emitted radiation from the patient to assess the function of organs?
Nuclear medicine
_____is an infection of the female genital tract that may involve the ovaries, uterus, and/or the fallopian tubes
PID
______is best defined as regular timed menses but light flow?
Hypomenorrhea
_____is best defined as abnormally heavy menstrual flow
Menorrhagia
_____would be caused by a large acoustic interface and subsequent production of false echoes?
Reverberation
Amenorrhea is defined as:
Lack of menstrual flow
Precocious puberty is best defined as:
Pubertal development before the age of 8
_____would be the least likely to cause abdominal distention?
Polycystic ovarian disease
What Doppler artifact occurs when the Doppler sampling rate is not high enough to display the Doppler shift frequency?
Aliasing
What artifact could be noted emanating from air or gas within the endometrium in a patient with endometritis?
Ring down
The breast cancer drug that inhibits the effects of estrogen in the breast is:
Tamoxifen
Malignant ovarian tumors may leak mucinous material and this condition is known as:
Pseudomyxoma peritonei
_____is best described as an artifact that is produced by a string reflector and results in a copy of the anatomy being placed deeper than location
Mirror image
What artifact would be seen posterior to a tooth within a cystic teratoma?
Shadowing
Best way to communicate with a patient who speaks a language other than your own is to:
Use a trained medical interpreter
When does the CDC recommend that alcohol-based handrub not be used by the sonographer?
When hands are visibly soiled
_____most often leads to an elevation of CA-125
Ovarian carcinoma
What abnormality results from the ovary twisting on its mesenteric connection?
PID
The area location posterior to the broad ligaments and adjacent to the uterus is called:
Adnexa
What term relates to the number of pregnancies a patient has had:
Gravida
_____is best defined as difficult or painful menstruation
Dysmenorrhea
Having the same echogencity means:
Isoechoic
_____is best defined as intermenstrual bleeding
Metrorrhagia
What lab test may be used as a tumor marker for an ovarian dysgerminoma?
Lactate dehydrogenase
_______is defined as excessive hair growth in women in areas where hair growth is normally negligible?
Hirsutism
______is defined as pain during intercourse
Dyspareunia
The “S” in STAR criteria stands for:
Smooth walls
What term describes the echogenicity of a simple ovarian cysts?
Anechoic
A diagnostic modality that utilizes ionizing radiation to produce images of the human body in cross-sectional and reconstructed 3D formats
Computed tomography
A tumor marker in the blood that can indicate certain types of cancers such as cancer of the ovary, endometrium, breast, gastrointestinal tract and lungs
CA-125 (cancer antigen)
A collection of abdominal fluid within the peritoneal cavity:
Ascites
The absence of menstruation:
Amenorrhea
The area located posterior to the broad ligaments, adjacent to the uterus, which contains the ovaries and fallopian tubes
Adnexa
A protein produced by the fetal yolk sac, fetal gastrointestinal tract and the fetal liver; may also produced by some malignant tumors
Alpha-fetoprotein
Painful or difficult urination:
Dysuria
Painful or difficult intercourse:
Dyspareunia
Difficult or painful menstruation:
Dysmenorrhea
The sonographic appearance of a structure:
Echotexture
A means of looking inside the human body by utilizing an endoscope:
Endoscopy
A hormone produced by the trophoblastic cells of the early placenta, may also be used as a tumor marker in nongravid patients and males:
hCG
Excessive hair growth in women in areas where hair growth is normally negligible:
Hirsutism
A lab value that indicates that indicates the amount of RBC in blood:
Hematocrit
The dilation of the renal collecting system resulting from the obstruction of the flow of urine from the kidney(s) to the bladder:
Hydronephrosis
Decreased or scant menstrual flow; regular timed menses but light flow:
Hypomenorrhea
A common form of birth control in which a small device is placed within the endometrium to prevent pregnancy:
Intrauterine device
A diagnostic modality that utilizes electromagnetic radiation to produce images of the human body in cross-sectional and reconstruction 3D formats :
Magnetic resonance imaging
An elevated white blood cell count:
Leukocytosis
A breast cancer drug that inhibits the effects of estrogen in the breast:
Tamoxifen
Having one chamber or compartment:
Unilocular
Irregular menstrual bleeding between periods; intermenstrual bleeding
Metrorrhagia
An anechoic, round mass that has smooth walls and demonstrates through transmission
Simple cyst
A sonographic procedure that uses saline instillation into the endometrial cavity and fallopian tubes to evaluate for internal abnormalities:
Sonohysterogram
Sonogram that requires the transducer be placed against the labia, often used for imaging of the cervix:
Translabial sonogram
Changes within the female that are caused by increased androgens; may lead to deepening of the voice and hirsutism:
Virilization
A diagnostic imaging modality that uses ionizing radiation for imaging bones, organs and some soft tissue structures:
Radiography
A syndrome characterized by anovulatory cycles, infertility, hirsutism, amenorrhea and obesity; may also be referred to as Stein-Leventhal syndrome:
Polycystic ovary syndrome
An infection of the female genital tract that may involve the ovaries, uterus, and/or the fallopian tubes:
Pelvic inflammatory disease
The abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity:
Pleural effusion
A diagnostic imaging modality that utilizes the administration of radionuclides into the human body for an analysis of the function of organs:
Nuclear medicine
An enzyme found within the blood that may be used to monitor renal function; may also be used as a tumor marker for some ovarian tumors:
Lactate dehydrogenase
Growth or masses attached to the wall of a structure, most likely a cyst:
Mural nodules
Endovaginal transducers can be soaked in a _______, most likely a _______ solution
*High-level disinfectant
*Glutaraldehyde-based
______is an abnormality that results from the ovary twisting on its mesenteric connections, consequently cutting off the blood supply to the ovary
Ovarian torsion
The most common disorder of sex development is _______
Turner syndrome (monosomy X)
Ovarian and uterine masses may become large enough to obstruct the flow of urine from the kidney(s) to the bladder, resulting in:
Hydronephrosis
_____is an intraperitoneal extension of much-secreting cells that result, from the rupture of a malignant mucinous ovarian tumor or possibly a malignant tumor of the appendix
Pseudomyxoma peritonei
_____is between the urinary bladder and uterus also called the vesicouterine pouch in females
Anterior cul-de-sac
_____between the uterus and rectum, also referred to as pouch of Douglas and rectouterine pouch
Posterior cul-de-sac
______between the urinary bladder and rectum; also referred to as the rectovesical pouch in males
Posterior cul-de-sac
Endovaginal transducers also have varying frequencies, but are typically _______
7.5 MHz or higher
________ extend alongside the ascending and descending colon on both sides of the abdomen
Paracolic gutters
Standard precautions, formerly referred to as universal precautions, include:
*Hand hygiene
*Use of PPE
*Safe injection practices
*Safe handling of potentially contaminated equipment and surfaces
*Respiratory hygiene and coughing etiquette
An advantage of ______is that if offers improved resolution of the endometrium, uterus and ovaries, especially in the obese patient
Endovaginal imaging
_____is between the pubic bone and urinary bladder
Retropubic space (space of Retzius)
_____is a condition in which the newborns external genitalia are neither recognizably male nor female
Ambiguous genitalia
_______the distinct layering of fluids within a cyst or cystic structure that is caused by the presence of at least two different fluid compositions
Fluid-fluid level
Transducers that may be used for pelvic sonographic include:
*Linear array
*Matrix array
*Curved or convex array
*Phased array
*Vector array
*Sector array
Excessive or prolonged bleeding between periods:
Menometrorrhagia
Abnormally heavy and prolonged menstruation:
Menorrhagia
Separations; structures that divide something into separate sections
Septations
Ascites and pleural effusion in the presence of some benign ovarian tumors
Meigs syndrome
A mass of tissue that contains abnormal cells; also called a tumor
Neoplasm
Having multiple chambers or compartments:
Multiloculated
What does “meno-“ mean?
Heavy
What does “metro-“ mean?
Irregular
