Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ARRT (Ob/gyn US) > Chapter 21 PID and Infertility > Flashcards

Chapter 21 PID and Infertility Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
U.S. Geography flashcards
1
Q

What form of permanent birth control would be seen sonographically as echogenic, linear structures within the lumen of both isthmic portions of fallopian tubes

A

Essure devices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Excessive hair growth in women in areas where hair growth is normally negligible would be seen with:

A

Stein-Leventhal syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Risk factors for PID are:

A

*IUD
*Multiple sex partners
*Post childbirth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is another name for an endometrioma?

A

Chocolate cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The most common initial clinical presentation of PID is:

A

Vaginitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Fitz-Hugh-curtis syndrome could be described as:

A

Clinical findings of GB disease as a result of PID

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Assisted reproductive therapy can result in:

A

*Heterotopic pregnancy
*Multiple gestations
*OHS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Polycystic ovarian syndrome may also be referred to as:

A

Stein-Leventhal syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

PID can lead to:

A

*Infertility
*Ectopic pregnancy
*Scar formation in the fallopian tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What term is used to describe painful intercourse?

A

Dyspareunia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Causes of female infertility include:

A
  • Polycystic ovary syndrome
  • Asherman syndrome
  • Endometriosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Amenorrhea, hirsutism, and obesity describe the clinical features of:

A

Stein-Leventhal syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Infertility is defined as:

A

The inability to conceive a child after 1 year of trying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The sonographic “string of pearls” sign is indicative of:

A

Polycystic ovary syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Sonographic findings of OHS include:

A
  • Cystic enlargement of the ovaries
  • Ascites
  • Pleural effusions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The development of adhesions within the uterine cavity is termed:

A

Asherman syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

OHS can cause multiple large follicles to develop on the ovaries termed:

A

Theca lutein cysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is another name for adhesions within the endometrial cavity?

A

Synechiae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Patients with OHS are at increased risk for:

A

Ovarian torsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The presence of pus within the uterus defines:

A

Pyometra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The occurrence of having both an intrauterine and extrauterine pregnancy at the same time describes:

A

Heterotopic pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

_____would be described as functional cysts that are found in the presence of elevated levels of hCG?

A

Theca lutein cysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Complex-appearing fluid within the fallopian tubes seen with PID is most likely:

A

Pyosalpinx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The sonographic evidence of a hyperemic fallopian tube us considered with:

A

Salpingitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The presence of functional, ectopic endometrial tissue outside the uterus is termed:

A

Endometriosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The development of adhesions between the liver and the diaphragm as a result of PID is termed:

A

Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

A patient presents to the sonography department with a fever, chills and vaginal discharge sonographically, what would you not encounter?

A

Uterine adhesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

______would be the least likely clinical finding for a patient with endometriosis?

A

Hyperandrogenism

29
Q

The sonographic finding of a tubular, simple-appearing, anechoic structure within the adnexa is most consistent with:

A

Hydrosalpinx

30
Q

What is the radiographic procedure used to evaluate the patency of the fallopian tubes?

A

Hysterosalpigography

31
Q

______is the means by which twins, triplets, quadruplets and quintuplet pregnancies are reduced

A

Selective reduction

32
Q

_______is the presence of many small cysts along the periphery of the ovary whereas another manifestation is many small cyst dispersed throughout the ovary

A

“String of pearls” sign

33
Q

_____, also referred to as stein-leventhal syndrome, is an endocrinologic ovarian disorder linked with infertility

A

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

34
Q

_______is the degeneration of the endometrium with advanced age, most often seen in postmenopausal women

A

Endometrial atrophy

35
Q

____is a benign, smooth muscular tumor of the uterus that may also be referred to as a fibroid or uterine myoma

A

Uterine leiomyoma

36
Q

_____is the presence of intrauterine adhesions or synechiae within the uterine cavity that typically occur as a result of scar formation after uterine surgery

A

Asherman syndrome

37
Q

_____is defined as functional, ectopic endometrial tissue located outside the uterus

A

Endometriosis

38
Q

______is a perihepatic infection that results in liver capsule inflammation from pelvic infections such as gonorrhea and chlamydia

A

Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome

39
Q

The progression of the infection into the cervix is termed:

A

Cervicitis

40
Q

______consists of a mixture of FSH and luteinizing hormone and it is often giving in conjunction with hCG

A

Pergonal

41
Q

______is a drug that is used to stimulate the pituitary gland to secrete increased amounts of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

Clomiphene citrate (clomid)

42
Q

______is the stimulation of the ovaries by hormonal therapy to treat infertility

A

Ovulation induction

43
Q

The _____is a permanent form of birth control that uses small coils placed into the proximal isthmic segment of the fallopian tube

A

Essure device

44
Q

_____is the inflammation of the endometrium

A

Endometritis

45
Q

______is an infection of the upper genital tract

A

PID

46
Q

Patient who have an IUD that has perforated into the uterine wall will often complain of:

A
  • Irregular or heavy bleeding
  • Cramping
47
Q

Adhesion develop within the pelvis that lead to the fusion of the ovaries and the dilated tubes, a condition known as:

A

Tubo-ovarian complex

48
Q

The ______is another T-shaped IUD, although it utilizes copper in its composition to inhibit sperm transport or to prevent fertilization

A

ParaGard

49
Q

The _______, a small plastic, T-shaped IUD, distorts the uterine cavity and also releases small amounts of progestin to impede implantation and produce light bleeding

A

Mirena

50
Q

Clinical findings of tubo-ovarian complex and tubo-ovarian abscess

A
  1. Findings consistent with PID
51
Q

Clinical findings of polycystic ovary syndrome

A
  1. Stein-leventhal syndrome (amenorrhea, hirsutism and obesity)
  2. Infertility
  3. Oligomenorrhea
  4. Hyperandrogenism
52
Q

Clinical findings of Asherman syndrome

A
  1. History of D&C, trauma, and uterine surgery
  2. Recurrent pregnancy loss
  3. Amenorrhea or hypomenorrhea
53
Q

Clinical findings of salpingitis

A
  1. Findings consistent with PID
  2. Pelvic tenderness
  3. Fever
  4. Leukocytosis
54
Q

Clinical findings of endometritis

A
  1. History of recent abortion, postpartum, D&C, surgery or intrauterine device
  2. Pelvic tenderness
  3. Fever
  4. Leukocytosis
55
Q

Clinical findings of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease

A
  1. Continual pelvic or abdominal pain
  2. Infertility (resulting from adhesions and scaring of the fallopian tubes)
  3. Possible palpable adnexal mass
  4. Irregular menses
  5. Purulent vaginal discharge
56
Q

Clinical findings of Acute pelvic inflammatory disease

A
  1. Possible history of a STD
  2. Fever
  3. Chills
  4. Pelvic pain and/or tenderness
  5. Purulent vaginal discharge
  6. Vaginal bleeding or itchiness
  7. Dyspareunia
  8. Leukocytosis
57
Q

Clinical findings of a uterine leiomyoma

A
  1. Pelvic pressure
  2. Menorrhagia
  3. Palpable abdominal mass
  4. Enlarged, bulky uterus
  5. Urinary frequency
  6. Dysuria
  7. Constipation
  8. Infertility
58
Q

Clinical findings of endometriosis

A
  1. patient may be asymptomatic
  2. Pelvic pain
  3. Infertility
  4. Dysmenorrhea
  5. Menorrhagia
  6. Dyspareunia
  7. Painful bowel movements
59
Q

Clinical findings of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

A
  1. Fertility treatment, including ovulation induction
  2. Electrolyte imbalance
  3. Oliguria
  4. Nausea
  5. Vomiting
  6. Abdominal distension
  7. Ovarian enlargement
60
Q

Sonographic findings of endometritis

A
  1. Thickened echogenic or irregular appearing endometrium
  2. Endometrial fluid
  3. Ring-down artifact from gas or air within the endometrium
61
Q

Sonographic findings of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

A
  1. Cystic enlargement of the ovaries > 5cm
  2. Ascites
  3. Possible pleural effusion
62
Q

Sonographic findings of Asherman syndrome

A
  1. Bright areas within the endometrium
  2. Sonohysterography findings include bright bands of tissue traversing the uterine cavity
63
Q

Sonographic findings of Tubo-ovarian complex

A
  1. Thickened, irregular endometrium
  2. Pyosalpinx or hydrosalpinx
  3. Cul-de-sac
  4. Multicystic and solid comple adnexa masses
  5. Ovaries and tubes recognized as distinct structures but the ovaries will not be separated from the tube by pushing with vaginal probe
64
Q

Sonographic findings of salpingitis

A
  1. Distended fallopian tube filled with echogenic material (pus) or anechoic fluid
  2. Hyperemic flow within or around the affected fallopian tube depicted with color doppler
  3. Nodular, thickened wall of the fallopian tube
65
Q

Sonographic findings of tubo-ovarian abscess

A

1.Thickened, irregular endometrium
2. Pyosalpinx or hydrosalpinx
3. Cul-de-sac fluid
4. Multicystic and solid complex adnexal masses
5. Complete loss of borders of all adnexal structures and the development of a congiomerated adnexal (possibly bilateral) mass

66
Q

Sonographic findings of an endometriosis

A
  1. Predominantly cystic mass with low-level internal echoes (may resemble a hemorrhagic cyst)
  2. Anechoic or complex mostly cystic mass with posterior enhancement and may contain a fluid-fluid level
67
Q

Sonographic findings of a uterine leiomyoma

A
  1. Hypoechoic mass within the uterus
  2. Posterior shadowing from mass
  3. Degenerating fibroids may have calcifications or cystic components
  4. Multiple fibroids appear as an enlarged, irregular shaped, diffusely heterogeneous uterus
68
Q

Sonographic findings of PID:

A
  1. Hydrosalpinxx
  2. Scars may be noted within the dilated tube and appear as echogenic bonds within the tube
  3. Development of adhesions may obliterate distinct borders of organ because they become fixated to each other
  4. Multicystic and solid complex adnexal mass
69
Q

Sonographic findings of acute PID:

A
  1. Thickened, irregular endometrium (endometritis)
  2. Ill-defined uterine borders
  3. Tubular structures representing dilated fallopian tubes containing echogenic material (pyosalpinx)
  4. Tubular structures representing dilated fallopian tubes containing simple appearing, anechoic fluid (hydrosalpinx)
  5. Cul-de-sac fluid
  6. Multicystic and solid complex adnexal mass

ARRT (Ob/gyn US) (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions