Chapter 28 The Fetal Gastrointestinal System

Question 1

The majority of amniotic fluid is composed of:

Answer 1

Fetal urine

Question 2

_______would be most likely associated with oligohydramnios

Answer 2

Bilateral renal agenesis

Question 3

______would be most likely associated with an excessive amount of amniotic fluid

Answer 3

Duodenal atresia

Question 4

Fetal meconium typically consists of:

Answer 4

*Skin
*Hair
*Bile

Question 5

_____is considered to be the most common type of colonic atresia?

Answer 5

Anorectal atresia

Question 6

Duodenal atresia is associated with:

Answer 6

• Trisomy 21
• Esophageal atresia
• VACTERL association

Question 7

The congenital maldevelopment of the rectum and absence of anal opening is termed:

Answer 7

Anorectal atresia

Question 8

An omphalocele may contain:

Answer 8

• Fetal liver
• Ascites
• Fetal colon

Question 9

Fetal stool is termed:

Answer 9

Meconium

Question 10

Best describe a choledochal cyst:

Answer 10

The cystic dilation of the CBD

Question 11

Intrauterine growth restriction is defined as:

Answer 11

A fetus that falls below the 10th percentile for gestational age

Question 12

The fetal gut develops at the end of the fifth menstrual week and can be divided into:

Answer 12

*Midgut
*Foregut
*Hindgut

Question 13

Duodenal atresia and esophageal atresia are associated with:

Answer 13

Polyhydramnios

Question 14

An omphalocele is associated with:

Answer 14

*Pentalogy of cantrell
*Trisomy 18
*Patau syndrome

Question 15

What organ(s) produces amniotic fluid after 12 weeks?

Answer 15

Fetal kidneys

Question 16

Inherited disorder in which mucus secreting organs such as the lungs, pancreas, and other digestive organs produce thick and sticky secretions:

Answer 16

Cystic fibrosis

Question 17

What is associated with gastroschisis:

Answer 17

*Normal cord insertion
*Elevated MSAFP
*Periumbilical mass

Question 18

The “double bubble” sign is indicative of:

Answer 18

Duodenal atresia

Question 19

The congenital absence of part of the esophagus is termed:

Answer 19

Esophageal atresia

Question 20

In which location does gastroschisis occur more often?

Answer 20

Right lateral of the cord insertion

Question 21

An abnormal connection between the esophagus and trachea is termed:

Answer 21

Tracheoesophageal fistula

Question 22

What is associated with esophageal atresia:

Answer 22

*Down syndrome
*VACTERL association
*Edwards syndrome

Question 23

The fetal stomach should be visualized by:

Answer 23

14 weeks

Question 24

The herniation of the bowel into the base of the umbilical cord before 12 weeks is termed:

Answer 24

Physical herniation

Question 25

What chromosomal anomaly is associated with echogenic bowel:

Answer 25

Trisomy 21

Question 26

A functional bowel disorder within the fetus that is caused by the absence of intestinal nerves is found in:

Answer 26

Hirschsprung disease

Question 27

Congenital maldevelopment of the proximal portion if the small intestine is termed:

Answer 27

Duodenal atresia

Question 28

The most common abnormality of the fetal liver is:

Answer 28

Hepatomegaly

Question 29

An excessive amount of amniotic fluid is termed:

Answer 29

Polyhydramnios

Question 30

Pentalogy of cantrell includes:

Answer 30

*Cardiovascular malformations
*Diaphragmatic malformations
*Omphalocele

Question 31

Hepatomegaly would be seen in conjunction with:

Answer 31

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

Question 32

______is most often associated with duodenal atresia

Answer 32

Trisomy 21

Question 33

Normally, physiologic bowel herniation resolves by:

Answer 33

12 Weeks

Question 34

Hepatomegaly would least likely be associated with:

Answer 34

Gastroschisis

Question 35

The most common type of colonic atresia that will lead to a bowel obstruction is:

Answer 35

Anorectal atresia

Question 36

Obstruction of the fetal bowel most often occurs when there is meconium plug causing the barrier is called:

Answer 36

Meconium plug syndrome

Question 37

_____is the most common abnormality of the fetal liver

Answer 37

Hepatomegaly

Question 38

The congenital maldevelopment or absence of the proximal portion of the small bowel, the duodenum is termed:

Answer 38

Duodenal atresia

Question 39

The fetal gut develops at the end of the fifth menstrual week and can be divided into the:

Answer 39

• Foregut
• Midgut
• Hindgut

Question 40

The congenital absence of part of the esophagus is termed:

Answer 40

Esophageal atresia

Question 41

______causes a functional fetal bowel obstruction, is caused by the absence of nerves within the bowel wall

Answer 41

Hirschsprung disease

Question 42

______is the herniation of abdominal contents through a right-sided, periumbilical abdominal wall defect

Answer 42

Gastroschisis

Question 43

Sonographic findings of esophageal atresia

Answer 43

1. Absent or small stomach
2. Polyhydramnios
3. Intrauterine growth restriction

Question 44

Sonographic findings of duodenal atresia

Answer 44

1. Double bubble sign
2. Polyhydramnios
3. Intrauterine growth restriction

Question 45

Sonographic findings of Gastroschisis

Answer 45

1. Normal cord insertion
2. Periumbilical, right-sided mass
3. Recognizable loops of bowel outside the abdomen
4. Intrauterine growth restriction

Question 46

Sonographic findings of omphalocele

Answer 46

1. Midline abdominal mass at the base of the umbilical cord that contains bowel, the liver and/or other abdominal organs
2. Abdominal cord insertion into the midline abdominal mass
3. Multiple associated anomalies

Question 47

Clinical findings of Gastrischisis

Answer 47

1. Elevated MSAFP

Question 48

Clinical findings of omphalocele

Answer 48

1. Elevated MSAFP