Chapter 29 The Fetal Genitourinary System Flashcards
1
Q
______would be the most likely cause of bilateral, enlarged echogenic fetal kidneys and oligohydramnios
A
ARPKD
2
Q
Failure of the kidneys to form is called:
A
Renal agenesis
3
Q
______is the most common renal anomaly
A
Duplex collecting system
4
Q
Before 9 weeks, the fetal kidneys are located within the:
A
Pelvis
5
Q
The “Keyhole” sign would be seen in (3):
A
- Urethral atresia
- Prune belly syndrome
- Posterior urethral valves
6
Q
The “lying down” adrenal sign would be seen in:
A
- Unilateral renal agenesis
- Bilateral renal agenesis
- Potter syndrome
7
Q
Cloacal exstrophy is associated with (3):
A
- Omphalocele
- Spina bifida
- Imperforate anus
8
Q
Bladder exstrophy describes:
A
External position of the bladder
9
Q
_______would cause a bladder outlet obstruction?
A
Posterior urethral valves
10
Q
_______would result in compensatory hypertrophy?
A
Unilateral renal agenesis
11
Q
The “I” in OEIS complex stands for:
A
Imperforate anus
12
Q
Another name for pelvocaliectasis is:
A
Hydronephrosis
13
Q
Describes hypospadias?
A
An abnormal ventral curvature of the penis
14
Q
What is the term for enlargement of the urinary bladder?
A
Megacystis
15
Q
Fusion of the lower poles of the kidneys describes:
A
Horseshoe kidney
16
Q
Fluid surrounding the fetal testicle is referred to as:
A
Hydrocele
17
Q
OEIS complex is also referred to as:
A
Cloacal exstrophy
18
Q
The most common location of an ectopic kidney is within the:
A
Pelvis
19
Q
Pyelectasis refers to:
A
Dilation of the renal pelvis
20
Q
Prune belly syndrome is caused by:
A
Enlarged bladder
21
Q
What is the most common fetal renal tumor?
A
Mesoblastic nephroma
22
Q
Having more than the normal number of digits is:
A
Polydactyly
23
Q
Cryptorchidism describes:
A
Undescended testicles
24
Q
The most common malignant adrenal pediatric tumor is the:
A
Neuroblastoma
25
18 week sonogram, multiple cysts of varying sizes are noted within the renal fossa of a male fetus. What would be an associated findings:
Normal amniotic fluid level
26
What is the most common fetal abnormality noted during an obstetric sonogram?
Hydronephrosis
27
The birth defect in which the sex of the fetus cannot be determined defines:
Ambiguous genitalia
28
What measurement should the renal pelvis not exceed prior to 20 weeks gestation?
7mm
29
The renal cystic disease that results in the development of cysts late in adulthood is:
Autosomal dominant polycystic disease
30
What is the most common cause of hydronephrosis in the neonate and the most common form of fetal renal obstruction?
UPJ obstruction
31
The "lying down" adrenal sign describes the sonographic findings of:
Renal agenesis
32
______is associated with enlarged echogenic kidneys and microscopic renal cysts
ARPKD
33
The "keyhole" sign describes the sonographic findings of a:
Enlarged bladder and dilated urethra
34
Numerous noncommunicating anechoic masses are noted within the left renal fossa of a fetus at 20 weeks. What is the etiology?
MCDK Disease
35
The syndrome associated with an occipital cephalocele, cystic renal disease, and polydactyly is:
Meckel-Gruber syndrome
36
Obstruction at the level of the UPJ would lead to dilation of the:
Renal pelvis and calices
37
The type of renal cystic disease associated with adult liver and pancreatic cysts is:
ADPKD
38
An obstruction at the ureterovesicular junction would lead to dilation of the:
Ureter and renal collecting system
39
_____is the least common cause of hydronephrosis in the fetus
Ureterovesicular junction obstruction
40
The _____is the embryonic structure that develops into the rectum and urogenital sinus
Cloaca
41
The most common malignant abdominal mass in neonates is the _____
Neuroblastoma
42
______is an anomaly where the bladder is located outside the pelvis
Bladder exstrophy
43
_____are kidneys that are attached at their lower poles
Horseshow kidneys
44
The ureteropelvic junction is located at the junction of the:
Renal pelvis and the ureter
45
_____is the most common cause of hydronephrosis in the neonate and the most common form of fetal renal obstruction
Ureteropelvic junction obstruction
46
Posterior urethral valves are a common cause of bladder outlet obstruction in _______
Male fetuses
47
_______describes the condition in which there is a blockage of the flow of urine out of the urinary bladder
Bladder outlet obstruction
48
_____is seen when there is dilation of the urinary bladder and the posterior urethral
Keyhole sign
49
_____describes the result of the abdominal wall musculature being stretched by the extremely enlarged urinary bladder
Prune belly
50
An X chromosome from the sperm will result in _____ offspring
Female
51
______is the abdominal ventral curvature of the penis as a result of a shortened urethra that exits on the ventral penile shaft
Hypospadias
52
______is a birth defect in which the sex of the fetus cannot be determined
Ambiguous genitalia
53
Neuroblastomas in neonates are primarily located within the:
Adrenal gland
54
Dilation of the ureter is called:
Megaureter (hydroureter)
55
Enlargement of the bladder is called:
Megacystis
56
Failure of a kidney to form is called:
Renal agenesis
57
What does VACTERL stand for:
* Vertebral anomalies
* Anal atresia
* Cardiac anomalies
* Tracheoesophageal fistula
* Esophageal atresia
* Renal anomalies
* Limb anomalies
58
The testicles move down into the scrotum during the _____month of gestation
7th
59
The fetal kidneys develop within the pelvis and ascends into their normal position by _____ weeks
9
60
The most common solid fetal renal mass is the:
Mesoblastic nephroma
61
A "Y" chromosome from the sperm will result in _____offspring
Male
62
Sonographic findings of the mesoblastic nephroma
1. Solid, homogeneous mass within the renal fossa and may completely replace the kidney
63
Sonographic findings of bladder estrophy
1. Lower abdominal wall mass inferior to the umbilicus
2. Absent urinary bladder
3. Normal kidneys
64
Sonographic findings of ureterovesicular junction obstruction
1. Hydronephrosis
2. Dilated ureter
3. Normal bladder
4. Normal amniotic fluid (if unilateral)
65
Sonographic findings of Prune belly syndrome
1. Dilated bladder and possibly urethra (keyhole sign)
2. Absent abdominal musculature
3. Undescended testis
4. Urinary tract abnormalities (megacystic and hydronephrosis)
66
Sonographic findings of posterior urethral valves
1. Keyhole sign
2. Bilateral hydroureter
3. Bilateral hydronephrosis
4. Oligohydramnios
5. Thickened bladder wall
67
Sonographic findings of ureteropelvic junction obstruction
1. Hydronephrosis (dilated renal pelvis and calices)
2. Normal ureters (nonvisualization)
3. Normal bladder
68
Sonographic findings of bilateral obstructive cystic dysplasia
1. Small, echogenic kidneys
2. Peripheral renal cysts
3. Bilateral hydronephrosis
4. Thick-walled urinary bladder
5. Oligohydramnios
69
Sonographic findings of bilateral multicystic dysplastic renal disease
1. Bilateral, smooth-walled, noncommunicating cyst of varying sizes within renal fossae
2. Absent urinary bladder
3. Oligohydramnios
70
Sonographic findings of unilateral multicystic dysplastic renal disease
1. Unilateral, smooth-walled noncommunicating cysts of varying sizes located within the renal fossa
2. Compensatory hypertrophy of the contralateral kidney
3. Visible urinary bladder
4. Normal amniotic fluid volumen
71
Sonographic findings of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (adult)
1. Normal-appearing or bilateral, enlarged echogenic kidney
2. Visible urinary bladder
3. Normal amniotic fluid volume
4. Cysts do not manifest until approximately the fifth decade of life
72
Sonographic findings of bilateral renal agenesis (5):
1. Absent kidneys
2. Absent urinary bladder
3. Severe oligohydramnios or anhydramnios
4. Bilateral lying down adrenal signs
5. Undetectable renal artery branches with color doppler (bilateral)
73
Sonographic findings of unilateral renal agenesis (6):
1. Absent kidney
2. Compensatory hypertrophy of the contralateral kidney
3. Visible urinary bladder
4. Normal amniotic fluid volume
5. Unilateral lying down adrenal sign
6. Undetectable renal artery branch with color doppler
