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ARRT (Ob/gyn US) > Chapter 29 The Fetal Genitourinary System > Flashcards

Chapter 29 The Fetal Genitourinary System Flashcards

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1
Q

______would be the most likely cause of bilateral, enlarged echogenic fetal kidneys and oligohydramnios

A

ARPKD

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2
Q

Failure of the kidneys to form is called:

A

Renal agenesis

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3
Q

______is the most common renal anomaly

A

Duplex collecting system

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4
Q

Before 9 weeks, the fetal kidneys are located within the:

A

Pelvis

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5
Q

The “Keyhole” sign would be seen in (3):

A
  • Urethral atresia
  • Prune belly syndrome
  • Posterior urethral valves
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6
Q

The “lying down” adrenal sign would be seen in:

A
  • Unilateral renal agenesis
  • Bilateral renal agenesis
  • Potter syndrome
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7
Q

Cloacal exstrophy is associated with (3):

A
  • Omphalocele
  • Spina bifida
  • Imperforate anus
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8
Q

Bladder exstrophy describes:

A

External position of the bladder

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9
Q

_______would cause a bladder outlet obstruction?

A

Posterior urethral valves

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10
Q

_______would result in compensatory hypertrophy?

A

Unilateral renal agenesis

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11
Q

The “I” in OEIS complex stands for:

A

Imperforate anus

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12
Q

Another name for pelvocaliectasis is:

A

Hydronephrosis

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13
Q

Describes hypospadias?

A

An abnormal ventral curvature of the penis

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14
Q

What is the term for enlargement of the urinary bladder?

A

Megacystis

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15
Q

Fusion of the lower poles of the kidneys describes:

A

Horseshoe kidney

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16
Q

Fluid surrounding the fetal testicle is referred to as:

A

Hydrocele

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17
Q

OEIS complex is also referred to as:

A

Cloacal exstrophy

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18
Q

The most common location of an ectopic kidney is within the:

A

Pelvis

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19
Q

Pyelectasis refers to:

A

Dilation of the renal pelvis

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20
Q

Prune belly syndrome is caused by:

A

Enlarged bladder

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21
Q

What is the most common fetal renal tumor?

A

Mesoblastic nephroma

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22
Q

Having more than the normal number of digits is:

A

Polydactyly

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23
Q

Cryptorchidism describes:

A

Undescended testicles

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24
Q

The most common malignant adrenal pediatric tumor is the:

A

Neuroblastoma

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25
Q

18 week sonogram, multiple cysts of varying sizes are noted within the renal fossa of a male fetus. What would be an associated findings:

A

Normal amniotic fluid level

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26
Q

What is the most common fetal abnormality noted during an obstetric sonogram?

A

Hydronephrosis

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27
Q

The birth defect in which the sex of the fetus cannot be determined defines:

A

Ambiguous genitalia

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28
Q

What measurement should the renal pelvis not exceed prior to 20 weeks gestation?

A

7mm

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29
Q

The renal cystic disease that results in the development of cysts late in adulthood is:

A

Autosomal dominant polycystic disease

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30
Q

What is the most common cause of hydronephrosis in the neonate and the most common form of fetal renal obstruction?

A

UPJ obstruction

31
Q

The “lying down” adrenal sign describes the sonographic findings of:

A

Renal agenesis

32
Q

______is associated with enlarged echogenic kidneys and microscopic renal cysts

A

ARPKD

33
Q

The “keyhole” sign describes the sonographic findings of a:

A

Enlarged bladder and dilated urethra

34
Q

Numerous noncommunicating anechoic masses are noted within the left renal fossa of a fetus at 20 weeks. What is the etiology?

A

MCDK Disease

35
Q

The syndrome associated with an occipital cephalocele, cystic renal disease, and polydactyly is:

A

Meckel-Gruber syndrome

36
Q

Obstruction at the level of the UPJ would lead to dilation of the:

A

Renal pelvis and calices

37
Q

The type of renal cystic disease associated with adult liver and pancreatic cysts is:

A

ADPKD

38
Q

An obstruction at the ureterovesicular junction would lead to dilation of the:

A

Ureter and renal collecting system

39
Q

_____is the least common cause of hydronephrosis in the fetus

A

Ureterovesicular junction obstruction

40
Q

The _____is the embryonic structure that develops into the rectum and urogenital sinus

A

Cloaca

41
Q

The most common malignant abdominal mass in neonates is the _____

A

Neuroblastoma

42
Q

______is an anomaly where the bladder is located outside the pelvis

A

Bladder exstrophy

43
Q

_____are kidneys that are attached at their lower poles

A

Horseshow kidneys

44
Q

The ureteropelvic junction is located at the junction of the:

A

Renal pelvis and the ureter

45
Q

_____is the most common cause of hydronephrosis in the neonate and the most common form of fetal renal obstruction

A

Ureteropelvic junction obstruction

46
Q

Posterior urethral valves are a common cause of bladder outlet obstruction in _______

A

Male fetuses

47
Q

_______describes the condition in which there is a blockage of the flow of urine out of the urinary bladder

A

Bladder outlet obstruction

48
Q

_____is seen when there is dilation of the urinary bladder and the posterior urethral

A

Keyhole sign

49
Q

_____describes the result of the abdominal wall musculature being stretched by the extremely enlarged urinary bladder

A

Prune belly

50
Q

An X chromosome from the sperm will result in _____ offspring

A

Female

51
Q

______is the abdominal ventral curvature of the penis as a result of a shortened urethra that exits on the ventral penile shaft

A

Hypospadias

52
Q

______is a birth defect in which the sex of the fetus cannot be determined

A

Ambiguous genitalia

53
Q

Neuroblastomas in neonates are primarily located within the:

A

Adrenal gland

54
Q

Dilation of the ureter is called:

A

Megaureter (hydroureter)

55
Q

Enlargement of the bladder is called:

A

Megacystis

56
Q

Failure of a kidney to form is called:

A

Renal agenesis

57
Q

What does VACTERL stand for:

A
  • Vertebral anomalies
  • Anal atresia
  • Cardiac anomalies
  • Tracheoesophageal fistula
  • Esophageal atresia
  • Renal anomalies
  • Limb anomalies
58
Q

The testicles move down into the scrotum during the _____month of gestation

A

7th

59
Q

The fetal kidneys develop within the pelvis and ascends into their normal position by _____ weeks

A

9

60
Q

The most common solid fetal renal mass is the:

A

Mesoblastic nephroma

61
Q

A “Y” chromosome from the sperm will result in _____offspring

A

Male

62
Q

Sonographic findings of the mesoblastic nephroma

A
  1. Solid, homogeneous mass within the renal fossa and may completely replace the kidney
63
Q

Sonographic findings of bladder estrophy

A
  1. Lower abdominal wall mass inferior to the umbilicus
  2. Absent urinary bladder
  3. Normal kidneys
64
Q

Sonographic findings of ureterovesicular junction obstruction

A
  1. Hydronephrosis
  2. Dilated ureter
  3. Normal bladder
  4. Normal amniotic fluid (if unilateral)
65
Q

Sonographic findings of Prune belly syndrome

A
  1. Dilated bladder and possibly urethra (keyhole sign)
  2. Absent abdominal musculature
  3. Undescended testis
  4. Urinary tract abnormalities (megacystic and hydronephrosis)
66
Q

Sonographic findings of posterior urethral valves

A
  1. Keyhole sign
  2. Bilateral hydroureter
  3. Bilateral hydronephrosis
  4. Oligohydramnios
  5. Thickened bladder wall
67
Q

Sonographic findings of ureteropelvic junction obstruction

A
  1. Hydronephrosis (dilated renal pelvis and calices)
  2. Normal ureters (nonvisualization)
  3. Normal bladder
68
Q

Sonographic findings of bilateral obstructive cystic dysplasia

A
  1. Small, echogenic kidneys
  2. Peripheral renal cysts
  3. Bilateral hydronephrosis
  4. Thick-walled urinary bladder
  5. Oligohydramnios
69
Q

Sonographic findings of bilateral multicystic dysplastic renal disease

A
  1. Bilateral, smooth-walled, noncommunicating cyst of varying sizes within renal fossae
  2. Absent urinary bladder
  3. Oligohydramnios
70
Q

Sonographic findings of unilateral multicystic dysplastic renal disease

A
  1. Unilateral, smooth-walled noncommunicating cysts of varying sizes located within the renal fossa
  2. Compensatory hypertrophy of the contralateral kidney
  3. Visible urinary bladder
  4. Normal amniotic fluid volumen
71
Q

Sonographic findings of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (adult)

A
  1. Normal-appearing or bilateral, enlarged echogenic kidney
  2. Visible urinary bladder
  3. Normal amniotic fluid volume
  4. Cysts do not manifest until approximately the fifth decade of life
72
Q

Sonographic findings of bilateral renal agenesis (5):

A
  1. Absent kidneys
  2. Absent urinary bladder
  3. Severe oligohydramnios or anhydramnios
  4. Bilateral lying down adrenal signs
  5. Undetectable renal artery branches with color doppler (bilateral)
73
Q

Sonographic findings of unilateral renal agenesis (6):

A
  1. Absent kidney
  2. Compensatory hypertrophy of the contralateral kidney
  3. Visible urinary bladder
  4. Normal amniotic fluid volume
  5. Unilateral lying down adrenal sign
  6. Undetectable renal artery branch with color doppler

ARRT (Ob/gyn US) (18 decks)

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