Chapter 19 The Menstrual Cycle Flashcards
The two hormones produced by the anterior pituitary gland that impact the menstrual cycle are:
LH and FSH
The second phase of the ovarian cycles is called the:
Luteal phase
The measurement of the endometrium during the early proliferative phase ranges from:
4 to 8 mm
The first menstrual cycle is termed:
Menarche
The average menstrual cycle lasts:
28 days
LH is produced by the:
Anterior pituitary gland
________is released by the ovary during the second half of the menstrual cycle
Progesterone
The second phase of the endometrial cycle is:
Secretory phase
During which phase of the endometrial cycle would the endometrium yield the three-line sign?
Late proliferative
The arteries within the functional layer of the endometrium that are altered by the hormones of the ovary and are shed with menstruation are the:
Spiral arteries
Ovulation typically occurs on day ____ of the menstrual cycle
14
What structure may be noted on the ovary just prior to ovulation?
Graafian follicle
FSH is produced by the:
Anterior pituitary gland
When the ovary is in the luteal phase, the endometrium is in the:
Secretory
Painful and difficult menstruation is termed:
Dysmenorrhea
What hormone maintains the corpus luteum during pregnancy?
hCG
An increase in the number of endometrial cells is termed:
Endometrial hyperplasia
______is said to be a common cause of DUB?
Polycystic ovary syndrome
What structure remains after the corpus luteum has regressed?
Corpus albicans
The first phase of the ovarian cycle is the:
Follicular phase
The dominant follicle prior to ovulation is termed the:
Graafian follicle
The hormone that surges at ovulation is:
LH
The first phase of the endometrial cycle is the:
Proliferative phase
The corpus luteum primary releases:
Progesterone
______could also be described as intermenstrual bleeding
Metrorrhagia
What hormones maintains the thickness of the endometrium after ovulation?
Progesterone
A change in menstrual bleeding associated with lesions within the uterus relates to:
AUB
The temporary endocrine gland that results from the rupture of the Graafian follicle is the:
Corpus luteum
What is the typical sonographic appearance of the endometrium during the secretory phase?
Hyperechoic and thick
The structure noted within the Graafian follicle containing the developing ovum is the:
Cumulus Oophorus
When the sonographic three-line sign is present, the functional layer of the endometrium typically appears:
Hypoechoic
The hormone of the pituitary gland that stimulates follicular development of the ovary is:
FSH
What structure produces hormones that directly act upon the endometrium to produce varying thickness and sonographic appearance?
Ovary
The hormone produced by the hypothalamus that controls the release of the hormones for maturation by the anterior pituitary gland:
GnRH
The hormone produced by the trophoblastic cells of the early placenta is:
hCG
What is defined as frequent regular cycles but less than 21 days apart?
Polymenorrhea
Which hormone released by the ovary during the proliferative phase stimulates endometrial thickening?
Estrogen
The periovulatory phase may also be referred to as the:
Late proliferative phase
Ectopic endometrial tissue within the uterus that leads to AUB is termed:
Adenomyosis
The primary responsibility of the hypothalamus, as it relates to the menstrual cycle, is to regulate the:
Release of hormones by the anterior pituitary gland
______is the remaining structure of the corpus luteum after its deterioration
Corpus albicans
During menses, the endometrium typically appears as a:
Thin, echogenic line that can measure up to 4mm
______is defined as a change in menstrual bleeding patterns caused by either endocrine abnormalities or lesions within the uterus
Abnormal uterine bleeding
_____may be idiopathic, although it is usually related to hormonal imbalances resulting in endometrial changes with subsequent irregular bleeding
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding
_____is usually diagnosed when all other causes of irregular bleeding are ruled out
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding
If fertilization does occur, the endometrial thickness is maintained by the continual production of:
Progesterone by the corpus luteum of pregnancy
During the first half of the menstrual cycle, the endometrium undergoes thickening as a result of:
Estrogen stimulation
Should fertilization not take place, menses begin on day 1 of the cycle, resulting from a lack of:
Estrogen and progesterone
_______maintains the thickness of the endometrium in preparation for implantation
Progesterone
The ______of the endometrial cycle occurs after ovulation and is stimulated by progesterone
Secretory phase
Late proliferative phase after being referred to as:
Periovulatory phase
The proliferative phase may be divided into two phases:
*Early
*Late
The ______occurs after mensuration and lasts until ovulation
Proliferative phase
______is the first phase of the endometrial cycle
Proliferative phase
The endometrial cycle consists of two phases:
*Proliferative phase
*Secretory phase
The Graafian follicle contains the developing oocyte(egg) within a region called the:
Cumulus oophorus
The Graafian follicle can grow as large as ______
2.7 cm
During the follicular phase, the anterior pituitary gland secretes FSH, which initiates the:
Follicular development of the ovary
The fluid from the ruptured follicle mostly collects in the:
Posterior cul-de-sac
After the Graafian follicle ruptures, it is temporarily turned into an endocrine gland in the form of the:
Corpus luteum
The second phase of the ovarian cycle, days 15-28, is termed:
Luteal phase
At the time of ovulation the individual may feel a twinge of pain and this is termed:
Mittelschmerz
______is initially produced by the theca internal cells of the secondary follicles during the first part of the menstrual cycle
Estrogen
_____is often referred to as the “master gland” is an endocrine gland located within the brain that consists of an anterior and a posterior lobe
Pituitary gland
_____is the complex interactions that take place between the hypothalamus, pituitary gland and ovaries as part of the female reproductive cycle
Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis
The ovarian cycles consists of two phases:
*The follicular phase
*The luteal phase
During the second half of the menstrual cycle, following ovulation, progesterone is produced by the:
Corpus luteum of the ovary
_____is the area within the brain that is located just beneath the thalamus and controls the release of hormones by the anterior pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
______is the stage at which the conceptus implants within the decidualized endometrium
Blastocyst
The ovary produces two hormones during the menstrual cycle:
*Estrogen
*Progesterone
Primary amenorrhea may be caused by:
- Congenital abnormalities
- Congenital obstruction
The first menstrual cycle is termed:
Menarche
______is responsible for the release of two chief hormones that influence the menstrual cycle: follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone
Anterior pituitary gland
The average menstrual cycle lasts _______, with ovulation typically occurring around day _______
*28 days
*14
Secondary amenorrhea may be associated with:
- Endocrinologic abnormalities
- Pregnancy
______is responsible for maintaining the thickness of the endometrium and inducing its secretory activity for the endometrium prepares for the possible implantation
Progesterone
