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ARRT (Ob/gyn US) > Chapter 19 The Menstrual Cycle > Flashcards

Chapter 19 The Menstrual Cycle Flashcards

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1
Q

The two hormones produced by the anterior pituitary gland that impact the menstrual cycle are:

A

LH and FSH

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2
Q

The second phase of the ovarian cycles is called the:

A

Luteal phase

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3
Q

The measurement of the endometrium during the early proliferative phase ranges from:

A

4 to 8 mm

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4
Q

The first menstrual cycle is termed:

A

Menarche

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5
Q

The average menstrual cycle lasts:

A

28 days

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6
Q

LH is produced by the:

A

Anterior pituitary gland

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7
Q

________is released by the ovary during the second half of the menstrual cycle

A

Progesterone

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8
Q

The second phase of the endometrial cycle is:

A

Secretory phase

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9
Q

During which phase of the endometrial cycle would the endometrium yield the three-line sign?

A

Late proliferative

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10
Q

The arteries within the functional layer of the endometrium that are altered by the hormones of the ovary and are shed with menstruation are the:

A

Spiral arteries

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11
Q

Ovulation typically occurs on day ____ of the menstrual cycle

A

14

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12
Q

What structure may be noted on the ovary just prior to ovulation?

A

Graafian follicle

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13
Q

FSH is produced by the:

A

Anterior pituitary gland

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14
Q

When the ovary is in the luteal phase, the endometrium is in the:

A

Secretory

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15
Q

Painful and difficult menstruation is termed:

A

Dysmenorrhea

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16
Q

What hormone maintains the corpus luteum during pregnancy?

A

hCG

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17
Q

An increase in the number of endometrial cells is termed:

A

Endometrial hyperplasia

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18
Q

______is said to be a common cause of DUB?

A

Polycystic ovary syndrome

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19
Q

What structure remains after the corpus luteum has regressed?

A

Corpus albicans

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20
Q

The first phase of the ovarian cycle is the:

A

Follicular phase

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21
Q

The dominant follicle prior to ovulation is termed the:

A

Graafian follicle

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22
Q

The hormone that surges at ovulation is:

A

LH

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23
Q

The first phase of the endometrial cycle is the:

A

Proliferative phase

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24
Q

The corpus luteum primary releases:

A

Progesterone

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25
Q

______could also be described as intermenstrual bleeding

A

Metrorrhagia

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26
Q

What hormones maintains the thickness of the endometrium after ovulation?

A

Progesterone

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27
Q

A change in menstrual bleeding associated with lesions within the uterus relates to:

A

AUB

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28
Q

The temporary endocrine gland that results from the rupture of the Graafian follicle is the:

A

Corpus luteum

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29
Q

What is the typical sonographic appearance of the endometrium during the secretory phase?

A

Hyperechoic and thick

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30
Q

The structure noted within the Graafian follicle containing the developing ovum is the:

A

Cumulus Oophorus

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31
Q

When the sonographic three-line sign is present, the functional layer of the endometrium typically appears:

A

Hypoechoic

32
Q

The hormone of the pituitary gland that stimulates follicular development of the ovary is:

A

FSH

33
Q

What structure produces hormones that directly act upon the endometrium to produce varying thickness and sonographic appearance?

A

Ovary

34
Q

The hormone produced by the hypothalamus that controls the release of the hormones for maturation by the anterior pituitary gland:

A

GnRH

35
Q

The hormone produced by the trophoblastic cells of the early placenta is:

A

hCG

36
Q

What is defined as frequent regular cycles but less than 21 days apart?

A

Polymenorrhea

37
Q

Which hormone released by the ovary during the proliferative phase stimulates endometrial thickening?

A

Estrogen

38
Q

The periovulatory phase may also be referred to as the:

A

Late proliferative phase

39
Q

Ectopic endometrial tissue within the uterus that leads to AUB is termed:

A

Adenomyosis

40
Q

The primary responsibility of the hypothalamus, as it relates to the menstrual cycle, is to regulate the:

A

Release of hormones by the anterior pituitary gland

41
Q

______is the remaining structure of the corpus luteum after its deterioration

A

Corpus albicans

42
Q

During menses, the endometrium typically appears as a:

A

Thin, echogenic line that can measure up to 4mm

43
Q

______is defined as a change in menstrual bleeding patterns caused by either endocrine abnormalities or lesions within the uterus

A

Abnormal uterine bleeding

44
Q

_____may be idiopathic, although it is usually related to hormonal imbalances resulting in endometrial changes with subsequent irregular bleeding

A

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding

45
Q

_____is usually diagnosed when all other causes of irregular bleeding are ruled out

A

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding

46
Q

If fertilization does occur, the endometrial thickness is maintained by the continual production of:

A

Progesterone by the corpus luteum of pregnancy

47
Q

During the first half of the menstrual cycle, the endometrium undergoes thickening as a result of:

A

Estrogen stimulation

48
Q

Should fertilization not take place, menses begin on day 1 of the cycle, resulting from a lack of:

A

Estrogen and progesterone

49
Q

_______maintains the thickness of the endometrium in preparation for implantation

A

Progesterone

50
Q

The ______of the endometrial cycle occurs after ovulation and is stimulated by progesterone

A

Secretory phase

51
Q

Late proliferative phase after being referred to as:

A

Periovulatory phase

52
Q

The proliferative phase may be divided into two phases:

A

*Early
*Late

53
Q

The ______occurs after mensuration and lasts until ovulation

A

Proliferative phase

54
Q

______is the first phase of the endometrial cycle

A

Proliferative phase

55
Q

The endometrial cycle consists of two phases:

A

*Proliferative phase
*Secretory phase

56
Q

The Graafian follicle contains the developing oocyte(egg) within a region called the:

A

Cumulus oophorus

57
Q

The Graafian follicle can grow as large as ______

A

2.7 cm

58
Q

During the follicular phase, the anterior pituitary gland secretes FSH, which initiates the:

A

Follicular development of the ovary

59
Q

The fluid from the ruptured follicle mostly collects in the:

A

Posterior cul-de-sac

60
Q

After the Graafian follicle ruptures, it is temporarily turned into an endocrine gland in the form of the:

A

Corpus luteum

61
Q

The second phase of the ovarian cycle, days 15-28, is termed:

A

Luteal phase

62
Q

At the time of ovulation the individual may feel a twinge of pain and this is termed:

A

Mittelschmerz

63
Q

______is initially produced by the theca internal cells of the secondary follicles during the first part of the menstrual cycle

A

Estrogen

64
Q

_____is often referred to as the “master gland” is an endocrine gland located within the brain that consists of an anterior and a posterior lobe

A

Pituitary gland

65
Q

_____is the complex interactions that take place between the hypothalamus, pituitary gland and ovaries as part of the female reproductive cycle

A

Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis

66
Q

The ovarian cycles consists of two phases:

A

*The follicular phase
*The luteal phase

67
Q

During the second half of the menstrual cycle, following ovulation, progesterone is produced by the:

A

Corpus luteum of the ovary

68
Q

_____is the area within the brain that is located just beneath the thalamus and controls the release of hormones by the anterior pituitary gland

A

Hypothalamus

69
Q

______is the stage at which the conceptus implants within the decidualized endometrium

A

Blastocyst

70
Q

The ovary produces two hormones during the menstrual cycle:

A

*Estrogen
*Progesterone

71
Q

Primary amenorrhea may be caused by:

A
  • Congenital abnormalities
  • Congenital obstruction
72
Q

The first menstrual cycle is termed:

A

Menarche

73
Q

______is responsible for the release of two chief hormones that influence the menstrual cycle: follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone

A

Anterior pituitary gland

74
Q

The average menstrual cycle lasts _______, with ovulation typically occurring around day _______

A

*28 days
*14

75
Q

Secondary amenorrhea may be associated with:

A
  • Endocrinologic abnormalities
  • Pregnancy
76
Q

______is responsible for maintaining the thickness of the endometrium and inducing its secretory activity for the endometrium prepares for the possible implantation

A

Progesterone

ARRT (Ob/gyn US) (18 decks)

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